For students, teachers, researchers, or interested parties, we provide this comprehensive guide to published reports, articles, presentations and websites, as well as audio and video on fuel cells, hydrogen and related fuels. For books and articles not available online, just print this list and take it to your local library, or check out the Searchable Online Database links! We have a lot of resources listed and divided everything into categories, so be sure to look through the entire table of contents.

You can also visit our Links page for a thorough listing of fuel cell newsletters, informational sites and other resources. Our Articles page offers further in-depth coverage of current fuel cell topics.

 

Fuel Cell and Energy Basics


Video and Animated Clips

Policy

Codes & Standards

Stationary Applications

Transportation Applications

Portable Fuel Cells

Fuel Cell Types

Fuels for Fuel Cells

  • Fossil Fuels

Fuel Cell Components

Fuel Cell Catalysts

Military Applications

Market Surveys

Periodicals

Fuel Cell and Energy Basics

A Fuel Cell Primer - an article by Bernadette Geyer from IAEI News, November/December 2001.

The Bumpy Road to Hydrogen - Daniel Sperling and Joan Ogden, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis. Presented at World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Lyon, France, June 15, 2006. The accompanying presentation can be found HERE.

Collecting the History of Fuel Cells- history of fuel cells, compiled by the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.

Different Types of Fuel Cells - Sandra Curtin, Fuel Cells 2000, Earthtoys Emagazine, April 2006.

Effects of a Transition to a Hydrogen Economy on Employment in the United States Report to Congress - U.S. Department of Energy report, estimates the effects on employment of a U.S. economy transformation to hydrogen between 2020 to 2050 and predicts 675,000 new jobs by 2035. The report includes study results on employment impacts from hydrogen market expansion in the transportation, stationary, and portable power sectors and highlights possible skill and education needs.

Energy Technology Analysis - Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN Number: 9264109587, November 2005. 256 pages.

Fuel Cell Handbook Seventh Edition - EG&G Technical Services, Inc, for the U.S. Department of Energy, November 2004.

Fuel Cell Systems Explained - Larminie, J., and Dicks, A., John Wiley & Sons Ltd., West Sussex, United Kingdom, 2nd Edition, April 2003, 428pp.

Fuel Cells at the Crossroads: Attitudes Regarding the Investment Climate for the U.S. Fuel Cell Industry and a Projection of Industry Job Creation Potential - Increasing fuel cell investment will not only impact energy security and air quality, it could yield nearly 200,000 new jobs in the next 20 years. The study estimates that total employment in the U.S. fuel cell industry in 2002 was approximately 4,500 to 5,500 and could climb to as many as 189,000 by 2021 in direct and indirect job growth as demand grows. December 2003. Breakthrough Technologies Institute.

Fuel Cells: Green Power - Study guide developed by the U.S. Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: The Path Forward - this report represents a coalition of 26 leading fuel cell companies to answer the Congressional call for a national fuel cell and hydrogen strategy. The report details a 10-year, cost-shared program that would require $5.5 billion in federal funds. The report also offers specific recommendations in several program areas, including research and development; demonstration programs; federal purchases; investment in fuel infrastructure; market entry support; removal of barriers; and education and outreach.

Hydrogen & Our Energy Future - Hydrogen & Our Energy Future expands on the U.S. Department of Energy's series of one-page fact sheets to provide an in-depth look at hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. This overview book provides additional information on the science behind the technology — how it works, benefits over conventional technology, its status, and challenges — and explains how hydrogen and fuel cells fit into our energy portfolio.

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells as Strong Partners of Renewable Energy Systems - Commissioned by the European Hydrogen Association (EHA) and the Germany Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association (DWV)
Authors: J. Schindler, R. Wurster, M. Zerta, H. Landinger, P. Schmidt, W. Weindorf, V. Blandow, Ludwig-Bolkow-Systemtechnik GmbH (LBST). July 2008.

Hydrogen Data Book - Pacfic Northwest National Laboratory (PNL) report offering data on hydrogen (properties, production, storage, delivery) and fuel cells (types, manufacturerers, vehicles), aas well as data pertinenet to hydrogen and fuel cell analysis (regional demographic information, regionale nergy supply data and conversion factors and constants).

HyWeb: Knowledge - links to hydrogen-related articles, abstracts and technical papers, a dictionary of hydrogen/fuel cell technical terms, workshop proceedings, and a Survey of German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Projects.

Our Hydrogen + Fuel Cell Future - Government of Canada website. Discover how Hydrogen and Fuel Cells will realize a positive new energy future for Canada and the world. Includes sections on the science, benefits, industry, applications, and Canada's progress.

Poised for Profit II: Prospects for the Fuel Cell Sector - study by the Athena Institute. March 2003.

Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - International Energy Agency book by Dolf Gielen and Giorgio Simbolotti (full text available on-line). Explores the potential of hydrogen and fuel cells in future energy markets.

Sourcebook on Hydrogen Applications - Provides information to facilitate designing, building, and operating hydrogen systems and provides an extensive listing of the Codes and Standards for the U.S., Canada, and other International certifying bodies, a complete look at fuel cell technology, a robust listing of suppliers and vendors for hydrogen technologies, and an interactive hydrogen sourcebook for kids. Developed by the Partnership for Advancing the Transition to Hydrogen (PATH).

Toward Tomorrow's Energy: Speeding the Commercial Use of Fuel Cells and Hydrogen - Peter Hoffman and Robert Rose, January 22, 2003.

U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cells Technologies Program - The Fuel Cells Technologies Program is working with partners to accelerate the development and successful market introduction of these technologies. The program site is an outstanding resource with information on fuel cells; hydrogen production, delivery and storage; technology validation; safety, codes and standards; education; and systems analysis.

U.S. Energy Scenarios for the 21st Century - Irving Mintzer, J. Amber Leonard, Peter Schwartz, Global Business Network, prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, July 2003.

William Robert Grove - The Lawyer Who Invented the Fuel Cell - John Wilson, William Wilson
and James M. Wilson. ISBN 978-0-9557193-0-1. 2007.

Videos and Animated Clips

Check out the following YouTube channels to see lots of videos and clips of real fuel cells in action:

http://www.youtube.com/user/FuelCellPartnership
http://www.youtube.com/user/hydrogenandyou
http://www.youtube.com/user/wtaras

Ballard Power Systems' Fuel Cell Animation

ww.captainozone.com - features a documentary about Captain Ozone who is promoting hydrogen fuel cells on television and the Internet

Consortium for Education in Renewable Energy Technologies' animation and quiz, The Heart of a Fuel Cell   

Department of Energy's PEM Fuel Cell Animation

GM's Clickable "Road to the Future" Fuel Cell Technology Animation

How a Fuel Cell Works - from Nuvera Fuel Cells

How Fuel Cells Work - from howstuffworks.com. Scroll down for video

Los Alamos National Laboratory's Fuel Cell Animation

The Clear Alternative: Methanol Fuel Cell Vehicles and the Environment - courtesy of the Methanol Institute

MIT World's Fuel Cells and Portable Power Solutions

MIT World's 57-minute movie - The Hydrogen Initiative: The Hydrogen Storage Challenge

NAIT Fuel Cell Applied Research Project's animated Interactive Fuel Cell Diagram and Fuel Cell Components Game

National Fuel Cell Research Center (UC Irvine)'s How a Fuel Cell Works video

NREL's Wind-to-Hydrogen Project animation and video

Oregon Museum of Science and Industry's Fuel Cell Exhibit Animation

PBS-Nova's Clickable Fuel Cell Car and Fuel Cells video

ReliOn's animation How Does a ReliOn Fuel Cell Work?

Schatz Energy Research Center's animated PEM Fuel Cell

Scientific American's Hydrogen Hopes videos (three parts), with web links and teaching guide

University of Cambridge's Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (tubular design) animation

UTC Power video on its Purecell fuel cell system and various applications/installations

Virginia Clean Cities did a great 7+ minute video on hydrogen and fuel cells in action

Policy

Roadmaps/Vision Plans

Australia - Hydrogen Technology Roadmap - This report prepared on behalf of the Australian government assesses the country's hydrogen research capabilities. The report also identifies what actions Australia should take to prepare for the emergence of a hydrogen economy. 2008.

Canada - Canadian Fuel Cell Commercialization Roadmap Update - Authored by the Government of Canada, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Canada and PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2008.

Canada - Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Sector in British Columbia - Report prepared for the Premier’s Technology Council by an industry committee, 2010.

EU - Fuel Cell Europe Annual Report 2007 - 2007.

EU - Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells - A vision of our future - Developed by the European Commissions' Directorate-General for Research and Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, 2003.

India - National Hydrogen Energy Road Map - Ministry for Non-Conventional Energy Sources, 2005.

Japan - Commercialization of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Stations to Commence in 2015 - July 2008.

Norway - Hydrogen as the Energy Carrier of the Future - Calls for stregthening Norweigian efforts to develop stationary and mobile applications for hydrogen related technologies. An english translation. 2004.

Norway - HyWays: The Norwegian Hydrogen Energy Vision - 2006.

UK - 2050 UK Hydrogen Vision - 2006.

UK - UK Fuel Cell Development And Deployment Roadmap - Synnogy Ltd. and Fuel Cells UK, 2005.

UK - A Vision of the Hydrogen Economy in Wales: Placing Wales in a Position to Take Full Advantage of the Hydrogen Economy - Authored by H2 Wales (University of Glamorgan). The vision for a hydrogen economy in Wales was produced following consultation with over 100 key stakeholders in the future hydrogen economy in Wales, drawn from industry, government, non-government organizations and academia.

UK - Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Opportunities for Scotland: The Hydrogen Energy Group Report - This Forum for Renewable Energy Development in Scotland (FREDS) Hydrogen Energy Group (HEG) report details HEG's recommended actions to develop hydrogen and fuel cell capabilities in Scotland, 2006.

USA - Effects of a Transition to a Hydrogen Economy on Employment in the United States Report to Congress - U.S. Department of Energy report, estimates the effects on employment of a U.S. economy transformation to hydrogen between 2020 to 2050 and predicts 675,000 new jobs by 2035. The report includes study results on employment impacts from hydrogen market expansion in the transportation, stationary, and portable power sectors and highlights possible skill and education needs.

USA - Fuel Cell School Buses: Report to Congress - Department of Energy, December 2008.

USA - Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle and Station Deployment Plan: A Strategy for Meeting the Challenge Ahead - California Fuel Cell Partnership, February 2009.

USA - Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities, Progress and Plans: Report to Congress - Department of Energy, January 2009.

USA - Hydrogen Posture Plan - An Integrated Research, Development and Demonstration Plan - Department of Energy, December 2006.

USA - Hydrogen Production Roadmap - published in January 2009, identifies research pathways leading to hydrogen production technologies that produce near-zero net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Developed by the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, Hydrogen Production Technical Team (HPTT).

USA - Fuel Cell Economic Development Plan Hydrogen Roadmap - Submitted to the Connecticut Department of Economic & Community Development by the Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology, Inc.
and the Connecticut Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Coalition, 2007.

USA - Florida’s Accelerated Commercialization Strategy for Hydrogen Energy Technologies. Prepared by the Florida Hydrogen Business Partnership, a collaboration of leading companies and the Florida state government. 2005.

USA - Nurturing a Clean Energy Future in Hawaii: Assessing the Feasibility of the Large-Scale Utilization of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Hawaii. Prepared for the State of Hawaii, Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism by the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and SENTECH, Inc., 2000.

USA - Minnesota Renewable Hydrogen Initiative Roadmap - Authored by the Minnesota Renewable Hydrogen Initiative (MRHI), a partnership of industry, university, government, and non-government organizations.

USA - New York State Hydrogen Energy Roadmap - Prepared for the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, New York Power Authority and Long Island Power Authority by Energetics, Inc., Albany Nanotech and the National Hydrogen Association, 2005.

USA - Ohio's Fuel Cell Roadmap Update - Written by the Ohio Department of Development, Technology Division, 2004, updated in 2009.

USA - Policy Support for Fuel Cells in California - Andy Schwartz, California Public Utilities Commission, June 2010.

USA - South Carolina Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Economy Strategy - Prepared for South Carolina Next Energy Initiative by ICF Consulting, 2005.

USA - Vision for Rollout of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Stations - California Fuel Cell Partnership, July 2008.

Activities/Initiatives

Australia - International Partnership for a Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) Member Statement - April 2007, September 2010.

Australia - Australian Hydrogen Activity - 2008.

Australia - National Hydrogen Study - This report explors the relevent issues surrounging hydrogen development in Australia, with the goal of developing an informed view of hydrogen as an energy carrier. 2003.

Brazil - Hydrogen Initiatives in Brazil - presented by Petrobras in 2007.

Brazil - Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project - Fact sheet.

Canada - IPHE Member Statement - Canada - PowerPoint presentation by the Government of Canada, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Iceland, September 2006.

China - Hydrogen and fuel-cell activities in China - in MAKING CHOICES ABOUT HYDROGEN 
Transport Issues for Developing Countries, International Research Development Center, United Nations University Press, 2008.

China - Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Vehicle Development in China - PowerPoint presentation by Lun Jingguang, GEF-UNDP-China Cooperation Project. 2006.

China - The Current Status and Prospect of Hydrogen Economy in China. PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Kun Yuan, Tsinghua University, presented at the International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2006.

China - China's Activities Related to Hydrogen Development - PowerPoint presentation by Dinghuan Shi, China's Ministry of Science and Technology, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, January 2005.

China - IPHE Member Statement - China - May 2010.

EU - Fuel Cell Europe Annual Report 2007 - 2007

EU - European Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology Platform, IMPLEMENTATION PLAN – Status 2006 - The programme comprises four Innovation and Development Actions (IDAs), detailing the priorities for Europe the technology which must be developed and acquired to foster hydrogen and fuel cell use in transport, stationary and portable applications by 2010-2015, and to achieve the “Snapshot 2020” targets of the HFP.

EU - IPHE Member Statement - European Commission - PowerPoint presentation by the European Commission, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Kyoto, September 2005.

EU - European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Projects - Report by the European Commission, 2004.

EU - EU Energy Policy & Initiatives on Hydrogen - Contribution of the Vice-President of the European Parliament, Alejo Vidal-Quadras, to the Conference "The Hydrogen Economy, A Bridge to Sustainable Energy", Brussels, Belgium, June 2003.

Germany - Strategy Report on Research in the Field of Hydrogen Energy Technology - This report summerizes the past hydrogen and fuel cell technology funding by the German federal government. The purpose is to be able to have a basis to maintain German "know-how" in these industries. January 2005.

Germany - German Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology Update - PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Volkhard Riechmann, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy Nordrhein-Westfalen Head of Department “Energy, Mining, Climate Protection” - IPHE Implementation & Liaison Committee, Seoul, Korea, June 2007.

Iceland - The Icelandic Energy & Hydrogen Policy - Programs & Progress - PowerPoint presentation by Iceland at the IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, September 2006.

Iceland - H2 in Iceland - Current Status and Future Aspects - PowerPoint presentation by Jón Björn Skúlason, General Manager, Icelandic New Energy, September 2006.

International - Hydrogen & Fuel Cells: Review of National R&D Programs - Report by the International Energy Agency documenting the various governmental research activities and policies for hydrogen and fuel cells, drawing information primarily from information contributed by IEA governments through the IEA Hydrogen Co-ordination Group. 2004.

Italy - H2 Programs and Activities in Italy - Country Report - PowerPoint presentation by Prof. Ezio Bussoletti, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, Brazil 2007.

Japan - Commercialization of Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Stations to Commence in 2015, July 2008.

Japan - Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies - Report published by NEDO, 2007.

Japan - Japan's Approach to Commercialization of Fuel Cell/Hydrogen Technology - PowerPoint presentation to IPHE by Japan's Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Department, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. 2005.

Korea - Korea's Member Statement - December 2009 an update on hydrogen and fuel cell activities, and February 2010 a presentation on fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure.

Korea - Overview of New and Renewable Energy in Korea - POSCO Power, from the U.S. Energy Association's Technology Series: Clean Stationary Power Generation, Washington, DC, June 21, 2010.

Malaysia - Hydrogen Economy: Perspective from Malaysia - PowerPoint presentation by Prof. Wan Ramli Wan Daud of the National Fuel Cell Research Program Malaysia, presented at the International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2006.

New Zealand - New Zealand Hydrogen Energy Activities Update - January 2006 - PowerPoint presented at IPHE Implementation and Liaison Committee Meeting, Shanghai, China, January 2006.

New Zealand - Stock-take of Hydrogen Energy Activity in New Zealand - Report prepared by New Zealand's Ministry of Economic Development for IPHE. 2005.

North America - Hydrogen in North America - Laura Lonza (JRC-IPTS), Guillaume Leduc (JRC-IPTS), 2006. This report was made within PREMIA, a Specific Support Action in 6th Framework Program of the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of measures to support alternative motor fuels.

Norway - IPHE Member Statement - Norway - PowerPoint presentation by Wiliam Christensen, Norway Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Kyoto, September 2005.

Portugal - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Portugal - PowerPoint presentation by Rei Fernandes, HY-CO Kickoff Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, December 2004.

Russia - IPHE Member Statement - Russia - April 2007 presentation on hydrogen energy technologies, and December 2009 a country update.

South Africa - South African Hydrogen Economy Activities - National Hydrogen Energy & Fuel Cell R&D Strategy Development - PowerPoint report by Dr. Mkhulu Mathe, Republic of South Africa's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research presented at the International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2006.

Taiwan - Persepctive on a Hydrogen Economy in Taiwan - PowerPoint presentation by Ming-shan Jeng, Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2007.

UK - Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Stratgey and Activities in Wales - PowerPoint presentation by John Maddy, University of Glamorgan Hydrogen Research Unit May 2005.

USA - DRAFT Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Plan - This is the latest draft of the integrated strategic plan from the Department of Energy. 2010.

USA - Mulit-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan: Planned Program Activities for 2005-2015 - DoE's Fuel Cell Technologies Programs's plan describes activities for hydrogen and fuel cell research. The plan was last updated in April 2009, and individual chapters can be downloaded.

USA - Pathways to Commercial Sucess: Technology and Products Supported by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program - This report identifies the commercial and emerging hydrogen and fuel cell technologies that are the result of support from the Fuel Cell Technologies Program. August 2010.

Climate Change

2007 Low Carbon Communities - Increasingly we are seeing the start of demand pull, as opposed to market push, being created in various applications and sectors that are working with or looking at fuel cells. This article looks at one demand pull in particular – that which is generated by low carbon communities. The reason why this particular group has been focused upon is that they form pure ground up pull, not coming from government or large companies, but from communities joining together to work in unison to create a better environment. Fuel Cell Today, September 2007.

Addressing Climate Change with Fuel Cell Technology - Ballard Power Systems and Plug Power have been evaluating the impact of hydrogen and fuel cell technology on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results were independently verified by The Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies (CEERT). The analysis focused on fuel cell applications most likely to achieve near-term commercialization, specifically residential cogeneration, distributed generation, backup power systems, materials handling and public transit buses. Results show that global GHG reductions through the year 2025 from these applications could be in the range of 30,000 to 115,000 kilotonnes, depending on assumptions made regarding production of hydrogen.  Using the U.S. Climate Technology Cooperative Gateway Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, this level of GHG reduction equates to the removal of 6.7 to 25.2 million cars from the world’s roads.

Analysis of the impact of fuel cell vehicles on energy systems in the transportation sector in Japan - Toshihiko Nakata and Ryo Kinugasa, Tohoku University, 2003. This research examines the changes of energy systems in the transportation sector having fuel cell vehicles. The authors assume that the tax revenue which is gained by carbon tax is returned to the costs of FCVs as subsidies, which an effect of accelerating the introduction of FCVs. In particular, the subsidy for the cost of passenger transportation of FCVs has an impact on the passenger transportation market.

Cleaning the Air and Improving Health with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles - M. Z. Jacobson, and W. G. Colella, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University; and D. M. Golden, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Science 24 June 2005. The authors found that converting all U.S. on-road vehicles to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could improve air quality, health, and climate significantly, whether the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, wind electrolysis, or coal gasification.

Greenhouse Gas Analysis for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles - Fuel Cell Seminar, November 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii. The energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) were analyzed for different production pathways for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and comparable gasoline fueled vehicles.

The Hydrogen Energy Economy: Its Long-Term Role in Greenhouse Gas Reduction - Tyndall Center for Climate Change Research, 2005. This report explores a set of alternative energy scenarios for the UK in 2050, with a particular focus on the possible role for hydrogen within each and development of the associated transition pathways.

Hydrogen Transitions in a Greenhouse-Gas-Constrained World - Alison Bailie, William Dougherty, Sivan Kartha, Michael Lazarus, Sudhir Chella, Benjamin Runkle. Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2007 Paper #07-3006. This study found that a large-scale switch to hydrogen produced by a clean energy system would lead to twice the environmental benefits compared to would be achieved in a hydrogen transition under a business-as-usual energy mentality. By 2050, when a “clean” transition to hydrogen would be nearly complete, greenhouse gas emissions would be roughly half of what they are today, compared to about a billion tons more, even with hydrogen produced from coal and natural gas.

The Impact of Increased Use of Hydrogen on Petroleum Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions - Energy Information Administration, August 2008.

Life-Cycle Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Hydrogen Fuel Production in the United States from LNG and Coal - U.S. DOE/NETL report, November 2005. Life-cycle emissions of GHG for production of hydrogen from LNG were developed using carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) methods and compared to emissions that do not employ carbon capture. When the technologies coal-mine methane mitigation methods and CCS are used, hydrogen can be produced from both LNG and coal at a fraction of the GHG burden of an energy-equivalent amount of petroleum-derived gasoline.

Marketable Emission Permits and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Greenhouse Gas Reduction - PowerPoint presentation by Jonathan Hughes, Graduate Student Researcher, Hydrogen Pathways Program, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC-Davis. Presented at the 16th Global Warming International Conference, New York, NY, April 2005.

Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power Applications - U. Birnbaum, M. Haines, J.Fr. Hake, J. Linssen, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Institute of Energy Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (Germany). June 2008.

Smelling Land: The Hydrogen Defense Against Climate Catastrophe - by David Scott, 2007. Smelling Land is about hydrogen systems and technologies, the essential component of any strategy that can give us a chance to escape climate catastrophe. The book explains how energy systems really work, the phenomena that drive climate change – and why any practical, comprehensive defense against climate catastrophe must have hydrogen at its core.

Switching to a U.S. hydrogen fuel cell vehicle fleet: The resultant change in emissions, energy use, and greenhouse gases - W.G. Colella and M.Z. Jacobson, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University; and D.M. Golden, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University. Journal of Power Sources, 2005. The study examines the potential change in primary emissions and energy use from replacing the current U.S. fleet of fossil-fuel on-road vehicles with hybrid electric fossil fuel vehicles or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

Developing Countries

China's leap into hydrogen fuel cell vehicles - Hydrogen Fuel Cells Monitor, January 2007.

Egypt’s Policies and Measures for Sustainable Transport - Prof. Ibrahim Abdel Gelil, Director, Environmental Management Programme at the Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain. Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Alternatives in the Transport and Energy Sectors: Issues for Developing Countries, UNU-MERIT, May 2007.

The Hydrogen Economy in India: A long haul? - Hydrogen Fuel Cells Monitor, April 2007.

The Hydrogen Energy Market in Developing Countries: The Role of UNIDO-ICHET - Dr. N. Lymberopoulos, Director, Projects and Programs, UNIDO-ICHET. 15th Session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development, May 2007.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Development in China - LUN Jingguang, Project Coordinator, GEF-UNDP-China Cooperation Project. May 2006.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Alternatives in the Energy and Transport Sectors Issues for Developing Countries - Lynn K. Mytelka, UNU-MERIT. 15th Session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development, May 2007.

Hydrogen fuelling sustainability of energy systems, regional integration and development: the Sahara Wind Project - Khalid Benhamou, Sahara Wind Inc.. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Assessment of Hydrogen Energy for Sustainable Development: Energy & Environmental Security, August 2006.

IFC's Program for Commercializing Fuel Cells in Developing Countries - Alan Miller, International Finance Corporation, SECA Conference, April 2005.

New Wave Technologies: Their Emergence, Diffusion and Impact; The Case of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology and the Developing World - Prof. Lynn K. Mytelka, United Nations University, July 2003.

Perspectives for a Hydrogen Economy and UNIDO-ICHET Projects - John Sheffield, Deputy Director, International Center of Hydrogen Economy and Technology, United Nations Industrial Development Organization. International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, September 2006.

Renewable Resources to Hydrogen: Appropriated Technologies for Developing Countries - in the book, Renewable Energies for Central Asia Countries: Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts. NATO Science Series, Volume 59, 2005.

UNU-MERIT Hydrogen Fuel Cell Exchange website - This website grew out of a research project at UNU-INTECH (now UNU-MERIT) on 'new wave technologies' and exclusion of developing countries. The purpose of the project was to raise awareness of emergent hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and to enhance long-term transport and energy decision-making in developing countries by benchmarking hydrogen fuel cell activities in the transport sector around the world.

General Policy

2007 Legislation Quarterly Review, Q2 - This is the first of a series of quarterly reviews of policy and legislation on hydrogen and fuel cells organised by region. Focusing on the main markets for fuel cells, including North America, Japan, and Europe, the Review will analyse developments by local and US State governments (such as the State of California), national governments, (such as Japan) and groupings of nation-states (such as the European Union). In addition, a range of other countries will be analysed as they develop policy and legislation relevant to fuel cells. Fuel Cell Today, September 2007.

An Effective Regulatory Regime For Transportation of Hydrogen - Gunnar Birgisson, Esq. and William Lavarco, Esq., Bracewell & Patterson, L.L.P., 2004. This report proposes a federal regulatory framework that would benefit interstate hydrogen pipelines.

Energy Security as a Rationale for Governmental Action: the Hydrogen Case - Clinton J. Andrews. Discusses the implications of energy security in the current policy debate over the “hydrogen economy.”

Fuel Cell System Economics: Comparing the Costs of Generating Power with Stationary and Motor Vehicle PEM Fuel Cell Systems - Timothy Lipman, University of California, Berkeley, with Jennifer L. Edwards and Daniel M. Kammen, April 2004. This report examines the economics of producing electricity from PEM fuel cell systems under various conditions, including the possibility of using fuel cell vehicles to produce power when parked at office buildings and residences.

The Hydrogen Economy: A Non-Technical Review - United Nations Environment Program, 2006. The report examines how the hydrogen economy would work, what it might mean for the environment, cost and technical challenges, potential barriers, and the need for government support. It also gives long-term projections of hydrogen use and considers the relevance of hydrogen for developing economies and what it could mean for national policy-making, as well as the role of international and non-governmental organisations.

The Hydrogen Policy Survey: Descriptive Statistics of the Study Sample and Their Policy Perspectives - Gustavo Collantes, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 2005. Analysis of results of an electronic survey to collect hydrogen policy beliefs from a wide range of stakeholders.

Overview of New and Renewable Energy in Korea - POSCO Power, from the U.S. Energy Association's Technology Series: Clean Stationary Power Generation, Washington, DC, June 21, 2010.

Public Policies to Accelerate the Adoption of Fuel Cells - J. Gover, Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Technology Conference, 2003. Ten public policies that could accelerate the adoption of fuel cells in transportation applications.

Stakeholders' Perspectives on Hydrogen Policy: A Factor Analysis - Gustavo Collantes, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 2005. Factor analysis of a survey of sstakeholders’ perspectives on a wide variety of issues related to hydrogen policy.

 

Codes & Standards

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Permitting Guide - Developed through a collaborative effort involving the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the International Code Council (ICC), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Sections include Regulators' Guide to Permitting Hydrogen Technologies, Permitting Stationary Fuel Cell Installations and Permitting Hydrogen Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities. 2004.

Hydrogen Codes, Standards and Safety - presentation by Neil P. Rossmeissl, U.S. Department of Energy
Hydrogen Program. Updated 2004.

Hydrogen Codes and Standards - James Ohi, National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Hydrogen Codes and Standards Technical Report - Prepared by the Partnership for Advancing the Transition to Hydrogen (PATH), March 2003. The report was created to give a picture of what codes and standards exist and how they may be applied to fuel cell and hydrogen projects in Canada, Japan and the United States at the end of 2002. It also provides a description of the code processes in each country and a brief identification of the gaps in codes and standards coverage for hydrogen and fuel cell applications.

The Hydrogen Codes and Standards Portal - The Hydrogen Codes and Standards Portal is designed to allow easy access to codes, standards and regulations relating to hydrogen used as fuel. Sponsored by U.S. DoE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and American national Standards Institute (ANSI).

The Newest Codes and Standards for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - PowerPoint presentation by Patrick Serfass, National Hydrogen Association, November 2006.

Workshop on Facilitating Permitting of Hydrogen Fueling Stations - Proceedings from the February 2007 NHA Safety Workshop sponsored by U.S. DoE and NREL.

Top of Page

 

Stationary Applications

Residential

Evaluation of the Field Performance of Residential Fuel Cells - NREL report by E. Torrero, Cooperative Research Network, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association and R. McClelland, Energy Signature Associates Inc., 2004.

Fuel cells: providing heat and power in the urban environment - Tyndall Centre Technical Report No. 32, August 2005.

Low cost fuel cell inverter system for residential power generation - J. Wang, F.Z. Peng, J. Anderson, A. Joseph, R. Buffenbarger, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. The proposed fuel cell inverter system is less costly than existing systems,has a lower component count, smaller size, and reduced DC-DC converter peak current. Simulation and experimental results are demonstrated.

Operating results and simulations on a fuel cell for residential energy systems - HAMADA Yasuhiro, GOTO Ryuichiro, NAKAMURA Makoto, KUBOTA Hideki, OCHIFUJI Kiyoshi, Hokkaido University, Heat-SET 2005 Heat Transfer in Components and Systems for Sustainable Energy Technologies Conference No1, 2005. The report describes the performance evaluation of a PEM prototype and demonstration experiments of the electric power and domestic hot water system

Parameters Affecting the Performance of a Residential-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell System - Mark W. Davis, A. Hunter Fanney, Michael J. LaBarre, Kenneth R. Henderson, Brian P. Dougherty, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Researchers at the NIST have measured the performance of a residential fuel cell system when subjected to various environmental and load conditions.

Performance assessment of fuel cell micro-cogeneration systems for residential buildings - V. Dorer, R. Weber, A. Weber, wiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa), Energy and Buildings, Vol. 37, No. 11, 2005. Reports on a methodology for assessing performance of residential fuel cell micro-cogeneration systems in terms of primary energy demand and CO2 emissions. The authors use transient computer simulations to evaluate a natural gas-fueled SOFC and a PEM home fuel cell cogeneration system. The systems were evaluated for different grid electricity generation mix types and compared to traditional gas boiler systems.

Proposed Test Methodology and Performance Rating Standard for Residential Fuel Cell Systems - National Institute of Standards and Technology report proposes specific test methods and calculation procedures for different types of residential fuel cell systems, including: grid independent, electrical load following; grid interconnected, constant power; grid interconnected, thermal load following; and grid interconnected, water heating. Test procedures are described that yield simplified models for the performance of each system based on appropriate load characteristics and ambient conditions.

Residential Cogeneration Systems: A Review of The Current Technologies - A Report of Subtask A of FC+COGEN-SIM The Simulation of Building-Integrated Fuel Cell and Other Cogeneration Systems, Annex 42 of the International Energy Agency, Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme. First published: April 2005.

Residential Fuel Cell Demonstration Handbook - Torrero, E.; McClelland, R. (2002). National Rural Electric Cooperative Association Cooperative Research Network. 88 pp.; NREL Report No. SR-560-32455.

Study of a Small-Scale Fuel Cell Cogeneration System with Methanol Steam Reforming Considering Partial Load and Load Fluctuation - S. Obara, Tomakomai National College of Technology; K. Kudo, Hokkaido University, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Volume 127, Issue 4, December 2005. Performance analysis and cost estimation of a cogeneration system consisting of a solid high-polymer-film-type fuel cell with a methanol reformer applied to individual houses.

Buildings

Fuel Cells for Building Applications - Published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). To order, contact ASHRAE Customer Service at 1-800-527-4723 (United States and Canada) or 404-636-8400 (worldwide), fax 404-321-5478, by mail at 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, or visit the ASHRAE Online Bookstore at http://www.ashrae.org.

Large stationary fuel cell systems : Status and dynamic requirements - Manfred Bischoff, MTU CFC Solutions GmbH, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 154, No. 2, 2006.   The paper presents an overview of commercialization efforts for MCFC technology.

Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power Applications - U. Birnbaum, M. Haines, J.Fr. Hake, J. Linssen, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Institute of Energy Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (Germany). June 2008.

Distributed Generation

Assessment of Hydrogen-Fueled Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells for Distributed Generation and Cogeneration - Thomas G. Kreutz, Joan M. Ogden, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.

Fuel cells for Distributed Power: Benefits, Barriers and Perspectives - Dr. Martin Pehnt and Dr. Stephan Ramesohl. Commissioned by WWF, in co-operation with Fuel Cell Europe.

PEM Fuel Cells for Distributed Generation - Stephen Lasher; Robert Zogg, P.E.; Eric Carlson; Patrick Couch; Matthew Hooks; Kurt Roth, Ph.D.; and James Brodrick, Ph.D., ASHRAE Journal Vol. 48, November 2006.

Other/General

A Guide to Developing Green Builder Programs - Published by the National Association of Home Builders for the U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Office of Policy Development. Includes information on residential fuel cells.

DoD Fuel Cell - ERDC/CERL Projects - U.S. Department of Defense Fuel Cell Program. Provides details on its projects (PAFC Demonstration, Residential Demonstration and Climate Change Rebate Projects), with information and evaluations of each fuel cell installation.

Fuel Cells Drive Other Applications Besides Cars - Jennifer Gangi, Fuel Cells 2000. Appeared in Earthtoys emagazine.

Fuel Cell Strategies for Regime Change in Stationary Power - Chris Hendry, James Brown and Paul Harborne, Cass Business School, City University. Presented at the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology (EASST), August 2006.

Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets - The research presented in this report identifies and characterizes near-term and mid-term markets in which PEM fuel cells can be successful. This report also assesses the market opportunity for PEM fuel cells in three near-term pre-automotive markets, including state and local emergency response agencies, forklifts in warehousing and distribution centers, and airport ground support equipment markets. April 2007. U.S. Department of Energy. A summary presentation given in June 2008 can be found HERE.

Moltan Carbonate and Phosphoric Acid Stationary Fuel Cells: Overview and Gap Analysis - Robert Remick, NREL, and Douglas Wheeler, DJW Technologies, LLC. This analysis identifies pathways for reducing costs of fuel cell power plants. September 2010.

NFPA 853: Standard for the Installation of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems - National Fire Protection Association guidelines for the design, construction, and installation of stationary fuel cell power plants of all sizes. Includes information on general equipment configuration, siting and interconnections, fuel supplies and storage arrangements, ventilation and exhaust, fire protection and fuel cell power systems 50 kW or less.

Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power Applications - U. Birnbaum, M. Haines, J.Fr. Hake, J. Linssen, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Institute of Energy Research Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (Germany). June 2008.

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Transportation Applications

General Transportation

A Portfolio of Powertrains for Europe: A Fact Based Analysis: The role of Battery Electric Vehicles, Plug-in Hybrids and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles - put out by McKinsey & Company on behalf of a consortium of 31 public and private companies. November 2010.

Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and the Potential Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure Requirements - prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, March 2008.

Comparison of Transportation Options in a Carbon-Constrained World: Hydrogen, Plug-in Hybrids and Biofuels - C. E. (Sandy) Thomas, Ph.D. March 2008.

Fuel Cell Cost Anaylsis Study - A comperative study done by the IPHE that analyzes that status of fuel cell cost targets for automotive applications in IPHE countries. This study specifically looks at the United States, China, and Korea. 2008.

Fuel Cell Vehicle World Survey 2003 - PDF by Fuel Cells 2000.

Future Wheels: A Survey of Expert Opinion on the Future of Transportation Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Infrastructure - A report released by the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium (NAVC) whose goal was to ask a number of global experts to see if there was consensus or disagreements on major issues related to the advancement of fuel cell technologies within the transportation sector especially in regards to infrastructure issues. The 59 page report is available in pdf format. Published September, 2003.

Gearing Up For Hydrogen: America's Road to Sustainable Transportation - A report on hydrogen fueled vehicles by INFORM, Inc., an environmental research organization.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle and Station Deployment Plan: A Strategy for Meeting the Challenge Ahead; Progress and Next Steps - A report put together by the California Fuel Cell Partnership on thier action plan. This report highlights recent progress made, and the next steps for the future. April 2010.

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicles: It Wont Take Miracles - A paper from the California Fuel Cell Partnership that addresses common myths about hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles. December 7, 2010.

Hydrogen Pathways Research Program - Publications and presentations from the UC Davis, Institute of Transportation Studies Hydrogen Pathways Program program, which is focused on understanding the potential transition to a hydrogen-based transportation system. The research is segmented into four tracks that investigate different aspects of hydrogen infrastructure: Market and Demand, Infrastructure Modeling, Policy and Business Strategy, and Environmental Analysis.

It's Your Environment - Interview with Bob Rose, Executive Director, Breakthrough Technologies Institute, regarding advanced technology vehicles (Streaming Media, requires Windows Media Player plug-in).

Life cycle assessment of hydrogen fuel cell and gasoline vehicles - Mikhail Granovskii, Ibrahim Dincer, Marc A. Rosen, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006, Vol. 31, No 3. Evaluates and compares efficiencies and environmental impacts of fuel cell and gasoline-powered vehicles.

Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies - A Focus on Hydrogen - Committee on Assessment of Resource Needs for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies, National Research Council, July 2008.

Cars

Advanced Military Vehicles Keep Rolling Along - Diesel Progress North American Edition, June 2005.

Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and the Potential Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure Requirements - prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, March 2008.

California Fuel Cell Partnership - This web site provides information about the progress that CaFCP’s automotive, energy, fuel cell technology, government and associate members are making to bring this important transportation choice to market. Includes a map with locations of California's hydrogen stations and demonstration vehicles.

Comparison of Transportation Options in a Carbon-Constrained World: Hydrogen, Plug-in Hybrids and Biofuels - C. E. (Sandy) Thomas, Ph.D. March 2008.

Cost Analysis of Fuel Cell System for Transportation - This report by TIAX, Inc. summarizes the results of a U.S. Department of Energy funded assessment of the cost of a 50 kW fuel cell system for transportation including a multi- fuel capable reformer, a PEM fuel cell, and balance- of- plant components. October 2004.

Course Manual on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engines and Related Technologies - Produced by College of the Desert and SunLine Transit Agency with funding from the U.S. Federal Transit Administration, this course manual features technical information on the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel. It covers hydrogen properties, use, and safety as well as fuel cell technologies, systems, engine design, safety, and maintenance. It also presents the different types of fuel cells and hybrid electric vehicles.

Evaluation of Range Estimates for Toyota FCHV-adv Under Open Road Driving Conditions - Keith Wipke, NREL, Donald Anton, SRNL, and Sam Sprik, NREL. Representatives from Savannah River National Lab and the National Renewable Energy Lab participated in a two-vehicle driving test of the latest Toyota advanced fuel cell hybrid vehicle. The test took place in open driving conditions over an 11 hour period.

Fuel Cells in Transportation: Technology to Transform Our Future? - information brochure on fuel cells in transportation. Contains map of U.S. developers and pictures of fuel cell cars, buses and specialty vehicles. Fuel Cells 2000.

Fuel Cell Vehicles: Race to a New Automotive Future - report from the Commerce Department's Office of Technology Policy, provides an excellent snapshot of where the technology is today and projections for a hydrogen future.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Special Operations Vehicles for the Army - IAGS, October 30, 2003.

Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Demonstration Project - Organized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, it involves a wide range of activities related to the use of fuel cell vehicles.

Plug-in fuel cell hybrids as transition technology to hydrogen infrastructure - G.J. Suppes, S. Lopes, C.W. Chiu, University of Missouri, 2004.

Total Life Cycle Assessment of a PEM fuel cell car - Bent Sorensen, Roskilde University, 2004.

U.S. Department of Energy's Efforts in Electrified Vehicle Power - This power point presentation covers all of DoE's electric vehicle programs, including fuel cell vehicles, beging at slide 22. June 15, 2010.

Buses/Trucks

AC Transit's Hydrogen Fuel Cell Project: Will Hydrogen Replace Diesel Fuel? - Larry Plachno,  National Bus Trader, September 2005

A first report on the attitude towards hydrogen fuel cell buses in Stockholm - K. Haraldsson, A. Folkesson, M. Saxe, P. Alvors, Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006, vol. 31, no 3. Report on the result of surveys performed in Stockholm during Autumn 2004 exploring the attitude towards hydrogen fuel cell buses among passengers and bus drivers.

An Evaluation of the Economics of Fuel Cells in Urban Buses - Abstract from an analysis by the Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College, London.

ECTOS-Life Cycle Impact Assessment - This report does a life cycle analysis of the impact of using hydrogen fuel cell buses. The hope is that wide-spread use of fuel cell buses could help tackle the problem of urban pollution. July 2005

Fuel Cell Bus Club - website of participants in European fuel cell bus projects who are introducing fuel cell transit buses to their fleets and establishing a hydrogen refueling infrastructure in their cities.

Georgetown University Fuel Cell Transit Bus Program - Maintaining the Liquid-fueled Option - Samuel Romano, James T. Larkins, Georgetown University, November 2003.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Evaluations - National Renewable Energy Laberatory's page on hydrogen fuel cell buses, and demonstration projects. Scroll down to choose publications by year.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Evaluation for California Transit Agencies - DOE's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program webpage providing links to hydrogen fuel cell bus studies and reports.

Review of the University of Florida Fuel Cell Bus Research, Demonstration and Education Program - Daniel Betts, Timothy Simmons, Paul Erickson, and Vernon Roan, University of Florida Fuel Cell Research and Training Laboratory, University of Florida.

ThunderPower Bus Evaluation at SunLine Transit Agency - The Department of Enery's overview evaluation of the fuel cell bus demonstration at SunLine Transit in 2003. The PEM fuel cell bus was demonstrated for 6 months. November 2003.

Specialty Vehicles

Application of Fuel Cells to Fork Lift Trucks - article from the September/October 2005 issue of Industrial • Utility Vehicle Magazine.

A Viable Niche Market--Fuel Cell Scooters in Taiwan - Dr. Chunto Tso, Director and Shih-Yun Chang, Assistant Research Fellow, Research Division I, Taiwan Institute of Economic Research (TIER).

The Development of Fuel Cell Scooters in Taiwan - Dr. Chunto Tso, Director and Shih-Yun Chang, Assistant Research Fellow, Research Division I, Taiwan Institute of Economic Research (TIER), 2003.

DOE Funded Vehicle Proving that Hydrogen Fuel Cells are "Safe, Practical, and Ready" - Discusses the world's first fuel cell-powered ice resurfacer, the eP-ICEBEAR.

Early Markets: Fuel Cells for Material Handling Equipment - Department of Energy Hydrogen Program fact sheet.

ENV Fuel Cell Motorbike: Tip of the Non-ICE Berg - article by Bill Moore in EV World, April 2, 2005.

Fuel Cell Powered Segway™ - Article by staff of the Department of Defense's Fuel Cell Test & Evaluation Center.

Fuel Cell Scooter – green option for urban mobility - Details of the European Commission's FRESCO project, which has a goal of proving the viability of the clean fuel cell propulsion for small vehicles by developing a dedicated system and by integrating it in a modern mass-production type scooter.

The Fuel Cell Wheelchair - November 2006 article in GizMag about Suzuki's fuel cell wheelchair prototype.

Fuel Cells Do Some Heavy Lifting - Jennifer Gangi, Fuel Cells 2000, Earthtoys Emagazine, June 2007.

Full Fuel-Cycle Comparison of Forklift Propulsion Systems - L.L. Gaines, A. Elgowainy, and M.Q. Wang
Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory. October 2008.

Hyd-Ride: the Cargobike fuel-cell tricycle - Short article on Cargobike, the three-wheeled electric bicycle that is powered by a 250-watt fuel cell

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Scooters for Urban Asia - Masters thesis by Bruce Lin for the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies and the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University. September 1999, updated September 2005.

Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets - The research presented in this report identifies and characterizes near-term and mid-term markets in which PEM fuel cells can be successful. This report also assesses the market opportunity for PEM fuel cells in three near-term pre-automotive markets, including state and local emergency response agencies, forklifts in warehousing and distribution centers, and airport ground support equipment markets. April 2007. U.S. Department of Energy. A summary presentation given in June 2008 can be found HERE.

Marine

Electric boat features hydrogen fuel cell - Article in PC Control, January 2005. Reports on the Hydroxy3000 catamaran using a fuel cell as the main source of energy.

Fuel cell submarines offer underwater stealth - November 2004 article in GizMag.

Fuel Cells Weigh Anchor - Article by David Snow in Wired Magazine, April 22, 2004, about a Hydrogenics fuel cell-powered 42-foot Catalina demonstration yacht.

Hybrids on the High Seas: Fuel Cells for Future Ships - Ed Walsh, Office of Naval Research Public Affairs, 2004.

Life Cycle Analysis results of fuel cell ships - Study carried out in the framework of the project FCSHIP – Fuel Cell Technology in Ships. Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH (LBST) and MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH. July 2004.

Marine applications of fuel cells - R. Lawton, J.F. Bash, S.M. Barnett, Oceans apos; 02 MTS/IEEE, Volume 3, Issue , 29-31 Oct. 2002. The project objective is to determine the feasibility of placing a fuel cell on a medium size ocean going research vessel.

Marine application of fuel cells - Describes the project, “Fuel Cell technology for SHIPs" (FCSHIP), which aims to enable EU fuel cell technology providers to be more competitive in the prospective market for maritime applications, enable EU ship owners to utilize this new technology and have the competitive advantage, and assist the EU in meeting sustainable development, energy saving and air pollution reduction objectives.

PEM Fuel Cell Systems – An attractive energy source for submarines - Peter Hauschildt and Albert Hammerschmidt, Published in "Naval Forces“, Mönch Publishing Group, Bonn, Germany, edition No. 5, October 2003.

Safe Harbor: Protecting Ports with Shipboard Fuel Cells - Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 114, Number 4, April 2006.

Aviation

Boeing Prepares Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane for Ground and Flight Testing - Boeing researchers and industry partners throughout Europe plan to conduct experimental flight tests in 2007of a manned airplane powered only by a fuel cell and lightweight batteries.

Development of a Fuel Cell Powered UAV for Environmental Research - Christopher Herwerth, Uche Ofoma, Dr. Chivey Wu, Shigeru Matsuyama, Samira Clark, California State University, Los Angeles, 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, January 2006. This paper details the development of a fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicle. The design and construction of the UAV is presented along with results of aerodynamic and structural analyses.

Flying on Hydrogen: Georgia Tech Researchers Use Fuel Cells to Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - August 2006 article about Georgia Tech's PEM-powered unmanned aircraft.

Fuel cell powered airplane propulsion - H. Oman, Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE Volume 19, Issue 1, Jan 2004.

Fuel Cell-Powered Electric Motor Drive Analyzed for a Large Airplane - NASA Glenn Research Center report.

Fuel Cell Powered Helios Prototype UAV - Paper on the the Helios Prototype, built by AeroVironment, Inc., which is part of NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. The UAV used solar panels to power its 10 electric motors for takeoff and during daylight portions of its planned 20-hour shakedown flight and switched to a fuel cell system to continue flight into the night.

GAES project: Potential Benefits of Fuel Cell Usage in the Aviation Context - Prepared for EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre. April 2006. Study to to assess the potential environmental benefits of fuel cell usage in aviation.

Performance of a Fuel-Cell-Powered, Small Electric Airplane Assessed - NASA Glenn Research Center report.

Test Results for a Fuel Cell-Powered Demonstration Aircraft - Thomas H. Bradley, Georgia Institute of Technology; Blake A. Moffitt, Reid W. Thomas, Dimitri Mavris, Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory; David E. Parekh, Georgia Tech Research Institute, 2006. Evaluation of Georgia Tech fuel cell-powered
unmanned aerial vehicle performance.

Rail

Advanced Underground Vehicle Power and Control Fuel Cell Mine Locomotive - Paper by Arnold R. Miller, David L. Barnes, Vehicle Projects LLC, presented at Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review.

All Aboard the Hydrogen Train - Charlotte Observer article, May 12, 2006.

A Study of the Feasibility of Utilizing Fuel Cells to Generate Power for the New Haven Rail Line - August 2007 report by the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering for the Connecticut Department of Transportation.

Fuel Cell Hybrid Switcher Locomotive - PowerPoint presentation by Vehicle Projects, LLC describing the switcher locomotive demonstration project..

Fuel Cell Locomotives - Arnold R. Miller, Fuelcell Propulsion Institute; David L. Barnes, Vehicle Projects LLC. Presented at Fuel Cell 2002,” European Fuel Cell Forum, July 2002.

System design of a large fuel cell hybrid locomotive - Vehicle Projects LLC. A.R. Miller, K.S. Hess, D.L. Barnes, and T.L. Erickson, 2007.

The Hydrogen Train - Plans for Europe's first hydrogen train.

Third International Hydrail Conference - Links to presentations on Vehicle Projects' Mining Locomotive, the U.S. Army Diesel Locomotive Retrofit, Japan's Railway Technical Research Institute'sfuel cell-powered railway bogie car, East Japan Railway Company's fuel cell hybrid rail car, The European Union's Hydrogen Train and other news and information.

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Portable Fuel Cells

Portable Power

Beyond Batteries: Portable Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Carol Potera, Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 115, Number 1, January 2007.

Fuel Cells Could Help Army Cut Back on Batteries - National Defense magazine, July 2003.

Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets - The research presented in this report identifies and characterizes near-term and mid-term markets in which PEM fuel cells can be successful. This report also assesses the market opportunity for PEM fuel cells in three near-term pre-automotive markets, including state and local emergency response agencies, forklifts in warehousing and distribution centers, and airport ground support equipment markets. April 2007. U.S. Department of Energy. A summary presentation given in June 2008 can be found HERE.

Markets for Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units in Vehicles: A Preliminary Assessment - Nicholas Lutsey, Christie-Joy Brodrick, Daniel Sperling, Harry A. Dwyer, TRB 2003 Annual Meeting.

Miniature Fuel Processors for Portable Fuel Cell Power Supplies - Jamelyn D. Holladay, Evan O. Jones, Daniel R. Palo, Max Phelps, Ya-Hui Chin, Robert Dagle, Jianli Hu, Yong Wang, and Ed Baker, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division, 2002.

Portable Power Supports the Digital Battlefield - article in Military & Aerospace Electronics.

Small Fuel Cells for Portable Applications 9th Edition - Knowledge Press, 2005. The Small Fuel Cells for Portable Applications Series of proceedings from the Knowledge Foundation’s conferences of the same name present the latest advancements in portable fuel cell technology from companies and organizations around the world.

Back-up/Remote Power

Modeling the Feasibility of Using Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines in Remote Renewable Energy Systems - J. Cotrell, W. Pratt, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, September 2003.

Fuel Cell/Photovoltaic Integrated Power System for a Remote Telecommunications Repeater - P. Lehman, C. Chamberlin, J. Zoellick, R. Engel, and D. Rommel, Schatz Energy Research Center, Humboldt State University. The Schatz Energy Research Center built and operated a PEM fuel cell power system to supply back-up power to a remote photovoltaic-powered radio-telephone repeater. The authors discuss system performance, long-term fuel cell voltage decay, and lessons learned and applied in system refurbishment.

Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets - The research presented in this report identifies and characterizes near-term and mid-term markets in which PEM fuel cells can be successful. This report also assesses the market opportunity for PEM fuel cells in three near-term pre-automotive markets, including state and local emergency response agencies, forklifts in warehousing and distribution centers, and airport ground support equipment markets. April 2007. U.S. Department of Energy. A summary presentation given in June 2008 can be found HERE.

Solutions for critical back-up power and on-site hydrogen generation - S. Wilshire, Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2004. IEEE, Volume , Issue , 6-10 June 2004..

Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)

Design Considerations for a PEM Fuel Cell Powered Truck APU - David Grupp, Matthew Forrest, Pippin Mader, CJ Brodrick, Marshall Miller, Harry Dwyer, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California - Davis.

Evaluation of Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units for Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks - Transportation Research Part D 7 (2002). The authors estimate costs and benefits of fuel cell APUs to replace the idling of diesel traction engines.

Fuel Cell APU for Silent Watch and Mild Electrification of a Medium Tactical Truck - Zoran Filipi, Loucas Louca, Anna Stefanopoulou, Jay Pukrushpan, Burit Kittirungsi, Huei Peng, Automotive Research Center, University of Michigan.

Liquid-Fueled APU Fuel Cell System for Truck Application - Massimo Venturi, Andre Martin, XCELLSIS. The paper presents the potential of APUs, their market, and their application.

The Market for Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units for Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles: First Widespread Application of Fuel Cells in Transportation? - C-J Brodrick, NP Lutsey, D Sperling, HA Dwyer, SW Gouse III, 2003.

Micro Fuel Cells

A silicon-based fuel cell micro power system using a microfabrication technique - Zhiyong Xia, Philip C.H. Chan, Chunhua Feng, I-Ming Hsing, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Guizhen Yan, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology and Peking University. 2006 Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering.

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based micro-scale direct methanol fuel cell development -
Shi-Chune Yao, Xudong Tang, Cheng-Chieh Hsieh, Yousef Alyousef, Michael Vladimer, Gary K. Fedder, Cristina H. Amon, Carnegie Mellon University. Energy 31 (2006). The paper describes a high-power density, silicon-based micro-scale direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), under development at Carnegie Mellon.

Micro Fuel Cell Power Sources - Jeffrey D. Morse, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory International Journal of Energy Research, Volume 31, Issue 6-7, 2007.

Micro Fuel Cells Strive for Commercialization - Power Electronics, Feb. 1, 2004. Article by By Gregg Makuch, Neah Power Systems.

More power to portable electronics: Micro-fuel cells seen as the way to keep devices running longer - San Francisco Chronicle, September 3, 2003.

Nanoimprinted Electrodes for Micro Fuel Cell Applications - André D. Taylor, Brandon Lucas, Lingjie Guo, Levi T. Thompson, University of Michigan. 2006 Annual Meeting of AICHE. The paper describes the use of nanoimprint technologies to fabricate electrodes with increased active surface areas.

Neah Power Extending Life to Portable Electronics Devices: Silicon-Based Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Bridge the Power Gap

Neah’s Silicon-Based Fuel Cell Electrodes Leading the Pack - Vinh Chung, Director of Business Development, Neah Power Systems, Inc.

Portables Eye Micro Fuel Cells To Replace Batteries - Electronic Design, January 12, 2006.

Reformed Methanol Micro Fuel Cell Systems for Portable Power Applications - Jeff Morse, Ravi Upadhye, Robert Graff, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 2006 Annual Meeting of AICHE.

Tiny Fuel Cell Might Replace Batteries In Laptop Computers, Portable Electronics - ScienceDaily, September 14, 2006.

When Will Micro-Fuel Cells Replace Batteries? - Electronic Design, July 20, 2005.

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Fuel Cell Types

R&D of Energy Technologies - Annex A: V-Fuel Cells - Contains three reports: Low Temperature Fuel Cells - Development and Future Perspectives, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Technological Status of the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, October 2004.

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell

Characteristics and modeling of PEM fuel cells - S. Yuvarajan, Yu Dachuan, Circuits and Systems, 2004. The paper presents the complete experimental characteristics of a 1.2kW PEM fuel including its overload capability and dynamic performance.

Collecting the History of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells - Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.

Economic Analysis of Stationary PEM Fuel Cell Systems - PowerPoint presentation by Harry J. Stone, Ph.D., M.B.A., Battelle Memorial Institute, 2005.

Effect of Trace Contaminants on PEM Fuel Cell Performance - Tony Thampan, Rick Rocheleau, Keith Bethune, Douglas Wheeler, Materials Research Society.

Influence of the Design Parameters in a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell on the Mechanical Behavior of the Polymer Membrane - Maher A. R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi, Haroun A. K. Shahad Al-Janabi, International Technological University, 2007.

Mass Production Cost Estimation for Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell for Automotive Applications: 2010 Update - Brian D. James, Jeffery A. Kalinoski, and Keving N. Baum, Directed Technologies, Inc. The purpose of this report is to identify significant cost drivers so that research and development resources can be better allocated. September 30, 2010.

Mechanism of Catalyst Degradation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells - Anil V. Virkar, Yingke Zhou, University of Utah, 2007.

PEM Fuel Cell Freeze and Rapid Startup Investigation Milestone Report - - National Renewable Energy Laboratory report, September 2005.

PEM fuel cells: theory and practice - Franco Barbir, published July 2005.

Sorption Properties of PEM Fuel Cell Membranes - M. Barclay Satterfield, Jay Benziger, Princeton University.

Types of Fuel Cells: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) -U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

Water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using integrated electroosmotic pumping - Cullen R. Buie, Jonathan D. Posner, Tibor Fabian, Suk-Won Chaa, Daejoong Kima, Fritz B. Prinz, John K. Eaton, Juan G. Santiago, Princeton University, 2006.

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)

A fuel cell to gas up your MP3 player - Cnet News.com, September 15, 2005.

Direct Methanol Fuel Cells - EarthToys Emagazine, October 2006.

Dynamic Characteristics of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell - Maohai Wang, Hang Guo, Chongfang Ma, Beijing University of Technology, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 3, May 2006.

MEMS-based micro direct methanol fuel cell using microfabrication technology - Xiaowei Liu; Chunguang Suo; Yufeng Zhang; Xuebin Lu; Hongyang Xia, Proceedings of MEMS, MOEMS, and Micromachining II, April 2006. The microfabrication and performance of a micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) by silicon processes are presented in this paper.

Performance of miniaturized direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) devices using micropump for fuel delivery - Zhang Tao, Oing-Ming Wang, University of Pittsburgh. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, Vol. 158, No1.

Types of Fuel Cells: Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) -U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)

Collecting the History of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells - Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.

Fuel Cell Basics: Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell - U.S. Department of Defense Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec).

Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Test and Evaluation - Robert J. Unger, Scott Kenner, Michael J. Binder, Franklin H. Holcomb, Engineering Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Lab, October 2004.

Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Technology - U.S. Department of Energy.

Types of Fuel Cells: Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC) -U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)

Collecting the History of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.

Fuel Cell Technology - Solid Oxide Fuel Cells - from the U. S. Department of Energy's Fossil Energy Department.

High-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Design and Applications - by S. C. Singhal, K. Kendall. Elsevier Science Ltd., November 2002.

Materials Engineering for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology - N.P. Brandon, Imperial College, London, Materials Science Forum, 2007.

Military Requirements for JP-8 Reformers and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems - Jeffrey D. Stangl, Robert O. Wertz, Franklin H. Holcomb, Engineering Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Lab, December 2005. This study identifies: the military's current and future electric power needs and capabilities; the requirements for building a military SOFC power system with design recommendations; and initial approach to a Modularization Plan for developing military SOFC technology.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - DoD Fuel Cell Information Guide.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Cycle Technology for Auxiliary Aerospace Power - Christopher J. Steffen, Jr., Joshua E. Freeh, and Louis M. Larosiliere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, April 2005.

Solid oxide fuel cell micro combined heat and power system operating strategy: options for provision of residential space and water heating - A.D. Hawkes, P. Aguiar, B. Croxford, M.A. Leach, C.S. Adjiman, N.P. Brandon, Journal of Power Sources, 2006.

Types of Fuel Cells: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) - U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)

Collecting the History of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells - Smithsonian's National Museum of American History.

Combined molten carbonate fuel cell and gas turbine systems for efficient power and heat generation using biomass - Francisco Jurado, Manuel Valverde, University of Jaén, Spain. Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 65, Issue 3, June 2003.

Fuel Cell Technology - Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells - from the U. S. Department of Energy's Fossil Energy Department.

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell - NFCRC tutorial.

Study of molten carbonate fuel cell-microturbine hybrid power cycles - Francisco Jurado, University of Jaén, Spain. Journal of Power Sciences, 2002, Vol. 111, No. 1.

Types of Fuel Cells: Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) - U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)

Development of electrocatalysts for solid alkaline fuel cell (SAFC) - C. Coutanceau, L. Demarconnay, C. Lamy, J.-M.Legy, University of Poitiers, France. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, Vol. 156, No 1. The paper discusses the development of electrocatalysts (both anodic and cathodic) suitable with their use in a solid alkaline fuel cell working at room temperature.

Long-term Operation of an Alkaline Fuel Cell with Air - Results of a study by Hochshule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Zentrum fur Forschung und Entwicklung, and Gaskatel. 2006.

Types of Fuel Cells: Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) - U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

Water and KOH Transport in an Alkaline Fuel Cell - Results of a study by Hochshule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Zentrum fur Forschung und Entwicklung, and Gaskatel. 2006.

Zinc-Air Fuel Cell (ZAFC)

A Regenerative Zinc Air Fuel Cell System - Gregory X. Zhang, Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada; Stuart Smedley, Electrochemical Technology Development Ltd, New Zealand, 2006.

Types of Fuel Cells: Zinc Air Fuel Cells (ZAFC) - U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC)

Regenerative Fuel Cell System Testbed Program for Government and Commercial Applications - brief article about the NASA Lewis Research Center's program to develop regenerative fuel cells. Contains contact information for the project.

Types of Fuel Cells: Regenerative Fuel Cells (RFC) - U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Fuel Cell Test and Evaluation Center (FCTec) Fuel Cell Basics.

The Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell - report by researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Features diagrams of how a regenerative fuel cell works.

Aluminum Air Fuel Cell

Aluminum Energy for Fuel Cells - Discusses the history, recent trends, potential applications and the chemistry of aluminum air fuel cells.

Aluminum-hydrogen peroxide fuel-cell studies - D.J. Brodrecht, J.J. Rusek, Applied Energy, Volume 74, Number 1, January 2003.

Studies of a granular aluminum anode in an alkaline fuel cell - Neil A. Popovich ; Rakesh Govind, University of Cincinnati. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, Vol. 112, No. 1.

Formic Acid Fuel Cell

A Microscale Vapor Fed Formic Acid Fuel Cell - J. Yeom, R. S. Jayashree, G. Z. Mozsgai, A. Asthana, E. R. Choban, M. Mitchell, P. J. A. Kenis, and M. A. Shannon, University of Illinois. Discusses a silicon-based microfabricated fuel cell running on formic acid vapor as a fuel developed to provide on-chip power for MEMS devices, without using any ancillary devices such as heaters, water management, air pumps, etc.

Converting CO CO2 Into Fuels and Chemicals: The Formic Acid Economy - Presentation discussing the use of formic acid and fuel cells.

Electrochemical Oxidation of Methanol and Formic Acid in Fuel Cell Processes - Frode Seland, Doctoral Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2005.

Passive direct formic acid microfabricated fuel cells - J. Yeoma, R S. Jayashree, C. Rastogi, M.A. Shannon, P.J.A. Kenis, University. Journal of Power Sources, 2006.

Microbial Fuel Cell

Energy autonomy in robots through Microbial Fuel Cells - Ioannis Ieropoulos, Chris Melhuish, John Greenman, Ian Horsfield and John Hart; IAS Lab, CEMS Faculty, and Applied Sciences Faculty, University of the West of England. 2004.

Microbial Energizers: Fuel Cells That Keep on Going - by Derek R. Lovley in Microbe, Vol. 1 No. 7, 2006. Microbes that produce electricity by oxidizing organic compounds in biomass may someday power useful electronic devices.

Microbial Fuel Cells - website completely devoted to microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This website is originating from a couple of the research groups currently active in the MFC research domain. It aims to provide an overview of the state of the art of the MFC technology, the involved research groups and further perspectives.

Scientist Revs Up Power of Microbial Fuel Cells in Unexpected Ways - Science News, May 10, 2006.

 

Fuels for Fuel Cells

Hydrogen

10 Things You Should Know About a Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure for Automobiles - General Motors

Afterglow of a Myth: Why and How the Hindenburg Burnt - A report by Addison Bain and Ulrich Schmidtchen, published on the web site of the German Hydrogen Association.

An Overview of Hydrogen Production and Storage Systems with Renewable Hydrogen Case Studies - written by Timothy Lipman, Ph.D., for the Clean Energy States Alliance. May 2011.

Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and the Potential Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure Requirements - prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, March 2008.

Building the Hydrogen Economy: Enabling Infrastructure Development - The IPHE sponsored three workshops in 2007 to focus on technical, institutional, financial, and other issues associated with developing hyrogen infrasctructure for both stationary and mobile applications. The first workshop was held in Detroit, United States, April 2-4, and discussed potential pathways for development in North America. The second workshop was held in Paris, France, July 10-12, and focused on a shared European vision. The third workshop was held in Shanghai, China, October 22-24, and focused on Asia-Pacific.

The Bumpy Road to Hydrogen - Daniel Sperling and Joan Ogden, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis. Presented at World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Lyon, France, June 15, 2006. The accompanying presentation can be found HERE.

Effects of a Transition to a Hydrogen Economy on Employment in the United States - U.S. Department of Energy, July 2008.

Energy Technology Analysis - Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN Number: 9264109587, November 2005. 256 pages.

Getting Along without Gasoline - The Move to Hydrogen Fuel - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

H2IQ - U.S. Department of Energy web page. Find easy-to-understand information about hydrogen (H2) and fuel cell technologies here! Increase your H2IQ by checking out the fact sheets, fuel cell animation, and other introductory resources.

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells as Strong Partners of Renewable Energy Systems - Commissioned by the European Hydrogen Association (EHA) and the Germany Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association (DWV)
Authors: J. Schindler, R. Wurster, M. Zerta, H. Landinger, P. Schmidt, W. Weindorf, V. Blandow, Ludwig-Bolkow-Systemtechnik GmbH (LBST). July 2008.

Hydrogen and Tort Law: Liability Concerns are Not a Bar to a Hydrogen Economy - William Vincent, Energy Law Journal, Vol. 25: 385. 2004.

Hydrogen as a Future Energy Carrier - This book provides broad coverage of the most important fields of modern hydrogen technology: hydrogen properties, production, storage, conversion to power, and applications in materials science. In so doing, the book covers all the pertinent materials classes: metal hydrides, inorganic porous solids, organic materials, and nanotubes. The authors present the entire view from fundamental research to viable devices and systems, including the latest scientific results and discoveries, practical approaches to design and engineering, as well as functioning prototypes and advanced systems.

The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs - Authored by the Committee on Alternatives and Strategies for Future Hydrogen Production and Use, National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering, 2004.

Hydrogen Maps - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) modeling of hydrogen infrastructure, demand, market and resource analyses. Maps include U.S. Hydrogen Infrastructure Demand — Consumer Strategy, Proposed Hydrogen Refueling Stations Along Major Interstates, Hydrogen Potential from Renewable Energy Resources and Hydrogen Market Analysis.

HyWeb: Knowledge - links to hydrogen-related articles, abstracts and technical papers, a dictionary of hydrogen/fuel cell technical terms, workshop proceedings, and a Survey of German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Projects.

Information Center for Metal-Hydrogen Systems, Properties, Applications and Activities - The Hydride Information Center, sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories, provides access to a comprehensive set of databases on metal-hydrogen systems, their properties, applications and literature sources, as well as profiles of organizations involved in metal-hydrogen development.

Solar and Wind Technologies For Hydrogen Production - U.S. Department of Energy Report to Congress. January 2006.

The Impact of Increased Use of Hydrogen on Petroleum Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions - An analysis of the impacts on U.S. energy import dependence and emission reductions resulting from the commercialization of advanced hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in the transportation and distributed generation markets. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, September 2008.

Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies - A Focus on Hydrogen - Committee on Assessment of Resource Needs for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies, National Research Council, July 2008.

Twenty Hydrogen Myths- a documented primer on hydrogen to clarify the abundant conflicting, confusing, and often ill-informed commentary on this fuel. It is written for both lay and technical readers, demystifies hydrogen energy, debunks popular misconceptions, and proposes a surprisingly easy, attractive, and profitable path to the hydrogen economy. June 2003. Rocky Mountain Institute.

Yield of Biofuels Versus Hydrogen From Photovoltaics and Wind Power - Werner Weindorf and Matthias Altmann, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH (LBST). October 2007.

Hydrogen Safety

Fire Safety Evaluation of Vehicles Equipped with Hydrogen Fuel Cylinders -Comparison with Gasoline or CNG Vehicles - JARI Research Journal Vol.28, No.7. Evaluation of the fire safety of vehicles that use compressed hydrogen, compressed natural gas (CNG), and gasoline as fuel. Results revealed that vehicles equipped with compressed hydrogen gas cylinders were no more dangerous than CNG or gasoline vehicles, even in the event of vehicle fires.

Guidance for Safety Aspects of Hydrogen Infrastructure Projects - Report by HyApproval, with input from NREL. This guidance document provides applicants with clarification on safety requirements for hydrogen refuelling station infrastructure projects. 2006.

Hydrogen Aircraft and Airport Safety - This paper by Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) and Daimler-Benz Aerospace Airbus GmbH investigates a number of safety risks associated with the handling and air transport of hydrogen and airport infrastructure and recommends appropriate measures in design and operation. The authors found that hydrogen aircraft are no more dangerous than conventional ones and are safer in some respects.

Hydrogen and the Law: Safety and Liability - PowerPoint presentation by Bill Vincent, Breakthrough Technologies Institute.

Hydrogen & Our Energy Future - Department of Energy brochure that provides an in-depth look at hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. This overview book provides additional information on the science behind the technology — how it works, benefits over conventional technology, its status, and challenges — and explains how hydrogen and fuel cells fit into our energy portfolio.

Hydrogen Safety - Fact sheet from the National Hydrogen Association.

Hydrogen: The Matter of Safety - video on hydrogen safety that contains fuel cell information..

Hydrogen Safety Bibliographic Database - U.S. Department of Energy's free, searchable database that provides references for information on hydrogen safety.

Hydrogen Safety: From Policies to Plans to Practices - S.C. Weiner, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; R.A. Kallman, City of Santa Fe Springs, CA; A. Ruiz, U.S. Department of Energy; J.M. Schneider, DaimlerChyrsler Corporation. This paper explores the approaches used for providing safety planning guidance to contractors in the context of their own policies, procedures and practices. 2005

The Hydrogen Safety Report - monthly online newsletter containing information on international standards, U.S. national standards, national code activities, regulatory issues and industry guidelines related to hydrogen energy systems.

Hydrogen Safety Review Panel: Shaping Safety Awareness - Steven C. Weiner and Bruce Kinzey, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Edward G. Skolnik, Energetics, Inc.

Hydrogen Use and Safety - California EPA fact sheet.

Introduction to Hydrogen Safety for First Responders - DOE's Introduction to Hydrogen Safety for First Responders is a Web-based course that provides an "awareness level" overview of hydrogen for fire, law enforcement, and emergency medical personnel. This multimedia tutorial acquaints first responders with hydrogen, its basic properties, and how it compares to other familiar fuels; hydrogen use in fuel cells for transportation and stationary power; potential hazards; initial protective actions should a responder witness an incident; and supplemental resources including videos, supporting documents, and links relevant to hydrogen safety. Abridged versions of the training course will soon be available in print and on CD via DOE's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Information Center at 877-EERE-INFO/877-337-3463.

Real World Safety and Permitting Issues for Hydrogen Refueling Stations - PowerPoint presentation by John Tillman, UC-Davis. Lessons learned from construction of the UC-Davis hydrogen fueling station. 2004.

Safety Issues in Hydrogen Transportation - E.U. Ubong, Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Technology Conference Proceedings, Sept. 2003. This paper assesses the properties (physical, chemical and combustion), safety, and storage issues related to hydrogen, so that the public will accept hydrogen with the same degree of confidence as the fossil fuels currently in use. A wide comparison is drawn between the physical properties of hydrogen, alcohol and fossil fuels. A review of safety issues and storage is given. Sample tests on hydrogen tank leak and hydrogen tank drop tests from literature are presented.

Safety of Hydrogen as a Transportation Fuel - NJ Hydrogen Learning Center at Rutgers University.

Biofuels

Yield of Biofuels Versus Hydrogen From Photovoltaics and Wind Power - Werner Weindorf and Matthias Altmann, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH (LBST). October 2007.

Methanol

Hydrogen from Methanol in a Dual Membrane Atr Reactor - James Lattner, Balamurali Krishna, Nair, Michael P, Harold, University of Houston, 800 Calhoun, Houston, TX 77204. 2005 Annual AICHE Meeting.

Hydrogen/Methanol Vehicles and the Environment - Institute for the Analysis of Global Security.

Hydrogen production from methanol decomposition over Pt/Al2O3 and ceria promoted Pt/Al2O3 catalysts - J. Christopher Brown, Erdogan Gulari, University of Michigan, in Catalysis Communications 5 (2004).

Kinetics and Systems Analysis for Producing Hydrogen from Methanol and Hydrocarbons - K. Geissler, E. Newson, F. Vogel, T.B. Truong, P. Hottinger, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland.

Looking Beyond the Internal Combustion Engine: The Promise of Methanol Fuel Cell Vehicles - Report provides an in-depth examination of methanol as a fuel for fuel cell vehicles – discussing the characteristics of methanol and how methanol lends itself environmentally, technically and economically to be the fuel of choice for fuel cell vehicles. Prepared by the Methanol Institute.

Ethanol

Development of anode catalysts for a direct ethanol fuel cell -  F. Vigier, C. Coutanceau, .M. Belgsir, C. Lamy, Université de Poitiers, France; A. Perrard, Université de Lyon, France. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Volume 34, Number 4 / April, 2004

Ethanol crossover and direct ethanol PEM fuel cell performance modeling and experimental validation - George Andreadis, Panagiotis Tsiakaras, University of Thessaly, Greece. Chemical Engineering Science, 2006, Vol. 61, No 22.

Ethanol To Power The Future Of Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Space Daily, March 30, 2004.

Hydrogen production for fuel cell applications by ethanol partial oxidation on Pt/CeO2 catalysts: the effect of the reaction conditions and reaction mechanism - L.V. Mattos, F.B. Noronha, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Brazil. Journal of Catalysis 233 (2005).

Recent progress in the direct ethanol fuel cell: development of new platinum-tin electrocatalysts - C. Lamy, S. Rousseau, E.M. Belgsir, C. Coutanceau, J.-M. Leger, Université de Poitiers, France. Electrochimica acta, 2004, vol. 49, no 22-23.

Biodiesel

Canola Oil Fuel Cell Demonstration: Volume 3 - Technical, Commercialization, and Application Issues Associated with Harvested Biomass - John Adams, Craig Cassarino, Joel Lindstrom, Linda Eslin, Scott M. Lux, Franklin H. Holcomb, Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Lab. The authors evaluated the use of Montana-based oilseed crops (canola oil) for power generation in defense and civilian fuel cell applications. Three major fuel production operations were considered: (1) recovery of oil from the harvested vegetable crop, (2) conversion of the vegetable oil into its biodiesel corollary, and (3) reforming the biodiesel into a synthesis gas. The study explored areas for potential improvements in the cost or technical performance in these major operations.

Conceptual design and selection of a biodiesel fuel processor for a vehicle fuel cell APU - S. Specchia, F.W.A. Tillemans, P.F. van den Oosterkamp, G. Saracco. Published in Journal of Power Sources, 145, (2005).

Biogas

Demonstration of Hydrogen Production from Dairy Manure Derived Biogas - Arvind Chandrasekar, Valerie Maston, Norman Ray Scott. 2006 ASAE Annual Meeting. Published by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.

Description and modelling of the solar-hydrogen-biogas-fuel cell system in GlashusEtt - L. Hedström, C. Wallmark, P. Alvfors, Royal Institute of Technology; M. Rissanen, B. Stridh, ABB AB; J. Ekman, Fortum. September 2003.

Implications for Using Biogas as a Fuel Source for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Internal Dry Reforming in a Small Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell - John Staniforth, R. Mark Ormerod, Keele University, UK. Catalysis Letters, Volume 81, Numbers 1-2 , July, 2002.

Lessons Learned from the World's Largest Digester Gas Fuel Cell - Eleanor Allen, Jaimie Hennessy, CH2M HILL; Greg Bush, Carol Nelson, King County Department of Natural Resources & Parks, Wastewater Treatment Division; Dave Hennessy, FuelCell Energy.

Running solid oxide fuel cells on biogas - John Staniforth, R. Mark Ormerod, Keele University, UK. Paper presented at the 9th EuroConference on Ionics, Ixia, Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 15 – 21, 2002. Published in Ionics, Volume 9, Numbers 5-6 / September, 2003.

Testing a PEM Fuel Cell System with Biogas Fuel - Ralf Schmersahl, Volkhard Scholz, Institute of Agricultural Engineering Bornim e.V. (ATB), Germany. CIGR EJournal, November 2005.

Biomass/Biowaste

Biomass/Biowaste Fed Fuel Cells - Thomas J. Gilligan, GC Group, October 2004. Sponsored by Ohio Biomass Energy Program.

Fossil Fuels

Natural Gas

Development of a Natural Gas to Hydrogen Fuel Station - William E. Liss, Mark Richards, Gas Technology Institute. Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review.

Federal Technology Alert: Natural Gas Fuel Cells - This Federal Technology Alert (FTA) contains detailed information and procedures that an energy manager can use to evaluate most NGFC applications. Principles of NGFC operation and their energy-saving mechanisms are explained. Procedures are given for preliminary sizing of equipment, estimating energy savings, and calculating life-cycle costs (LCC). Application, installation, and operations and maintenance (O&M) impacts are discussed. A hypothetical case study assists the reader in estimating energy consumption and costs associated with NGFC installation and operation. A list of Federal-sector users and a bibliography are included. Details of life-cycle cost analysis and an example procurement specification are also provided.

Fuel Blends: Hydrogen/Natural Gas - U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy page on federal Hydrogen/Natural Gas research projects.

Hydrogen Production by Solar Reforming of Natural Gas: A Comparison Study of Two Possible Process Configurations - Stephan Möller, Christian Sattler, DLR—German Aerospace Center; Dario Kaucic, University of Flensburg, Germany. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, February 2006, Volume 128, Issue 1.

Hydrogen Production – Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) - Fact sheet describing steam reforming of natural gas.

Propane/LPG

Mathematical model for a direct propane phosphoric acid fuel cell - G. Psofogiannakis, Y. Bourgault, B. E. Conway, M. Ternan, University of Ottawa. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 35, No. 1, January 2006.

Micropower Heats Up: Propane fuel cell packs a lot of punch - Science News Online, June 11, 2005.

Modelling of a PEM Fuel Cell System with Propane ATR Reforming - Z. Liu, Z. Mao, J. Xu, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; N. Hess-Mohr, V. M. Schmidt, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Germany. Fuel Cells, Vol. 6, No. 5, 29 March 2006.

New Propane-Burning Fuel Cell Could Energize a Future Generation of Small Electrical Devices - PhysOrg.com, June 10, 2005.

Power supply for sailing yachts - fuel cell technology with LPG as a user friendly application - P. Beckhaus, et. al. Zentrum fur Brennstoffzellen Technik GmbH and University Duisburg-Essen.

Kerosene

Development of kerosene fuel processing system for PEFC - T. Fukunaga, H. Katsuno, H. Matsumoto, O. Takahashi, Y. Akai. Catalysis Today, Volume 84, Number 3, 15 September 2003.

Feasibility of n-Dodecane Fuel for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Ni-ScSZ Anode - Haruo Kishimoto, Teruhisa Horita, Katsuhiko Yamaji, Yueping Xiong, Natsuko Sakai, Manuel E. Brito, and Harumi Yokokawa. J. Electrochem. Soc., Volume 152, Issue 3, January 2005. Results of research using direct feeding of n-dodecane (C12H26), a model liquid fuel of kerosene, in a a cell consisting of ScSZ electrolyte with Ni-ScSZ cermet anode and Ni mesh current collector.

Coal

An Investigation of the Feasibility of Coal-Based Methanol for Application in Transportation Fuel Cell Systems - 2004 University of South Florida report examining the likely paths that could potentially provide transition from current petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels to a full-blown“hydrogen economy.” Based on the limited options for transportation fuel feedstocks, consideration in this study was limited to natural gas, coal and water. The project's Coal-Based Methanol for Fuel Cell Vehicles Study Summary is also available.

Coal Cell - Mechanical Engineering magazine, December 2003.

Coal-powered fuel cell aims for efficiency - article in New Scientist, August 23, 2005.

Development of a 5-kW Prototype Coal-Based Fuel Cell - Steven S. C. Chuang, The University of Akron; Amy Manheim, DOE Technology Development Manager; Reg Tyler, DOE Project Manager. Preliminary findings (2006).

Direct Conversion of Chemically De-Ashed Coal in Fuel Cells (II) - J. F. Cooper, Electrochemical Society Meeting, 208th, Los Angeles, CA, October 2005.

Modeling the anodic half-cell of a low-temperature coal fuel cell - D.B. Weibel, R. Boulatov, A. Lee, R. Ferrigno, G.M. Whitesides, Harvard University, in Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2005 Sep 5;44(35).

Diesel/JP-8

AFRL Researchers Demonstrate Fuel Cell Powered With JP-8 - AFRL researchers demonstrated a planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) running on logistic fuel (JP-8) to the US Army Corps of Engineers. 2006 article.

Military Requirements for JP-8 Reformers and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems - Jeffrey D. Stangl, Robert O. Wertz, Franklin H. Holcomb, Engineering Research and Development Center, Final Report, December 2005. This study identifies: the military's current and future electric power needs and capabilities; the requirements for building a military SOFC power system with design recommendations; and initial approach to a Modularization Plan for developing military SOFC technology.

Scientists develop clean diesel system, converts high sulphur fuel into hydrogen for fuel cells - MSNBC, October 29, 2004.

Novel Fuel Sources

A new, green way to make hydrogen - This article describes the work of a Virginia Tech researcher that has developed a way to produce hydrogen using enzymes and starch. Economist.com, May 24, 2007.

Biofuels for Fuel Cells: Making energy from nutshells, and other tales - The Scientist article on making hydrogen from the world's waste - peanut shells, coconut shells, pig waste, left-over fermentation gas from beer kegs, microbes and yeast.

Cheap And Easy Technique To Produce Hydrogen From Visible Light Is Almost Ready - Science Daily article about a Penn State University research group's work on producing hydrogen from water by using thin films made of self-aligned, vertically oriented titanium iron oxide (Ti-Fe-O) nanotube arrays that can split water under natural sunlight.

Chocolate generates electrical power - New Scientist Tech article describing fuel cell powered by chocolate-factory waste.

Engineered Eggshells To Help Make Hydrogen Fuel - Science Daily, September 30, 2007.

Fuel cell energy from sugar water - This article reports on research using soy oil or sugar water mixed with oxygen to make hydrogen synthesis gas.

New 'biofuel cell' produces electricity from hydrogen in plain air - Biofuel cell that produces electricity from ordinary air spiked with small amounts of hydrogen.

Novel sugar-to-hydrogen technology promises transportation fuel independence - May 2007.

Fuel Reformers/Processors

Activity and Durability of Water-Gas Shift Catalysts Used for the Steam Reforming of Methanol - by D.G. Löffler, S. D. McDermott, and C. N. Renn, IdaTech, LLC. Methanol reacts with steam in the presence of copper-based materials at temperatures higher than 160°C to form a hydrogen-rich gas. The study tested commercially available water gas shift catalysts for methanol steam reforming in small-scale packed bed reactors at atmospheric pressure.

A Light Hydrocarbon Fuel Processor Producing High-Purity Hydrogen - Daniel G. Löffler, Kyle Taylor, Dylan Mason, IdaTech, LLC.

A Versatile, Low-Cost, and Compact Fuel Processor for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells - by Dr. David Edlund, IdaTech, LLC.

Diesel Reforming for Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units - 2005 PowerPoint presentation by Rod Borup, W. Jerry Parkinson, Michael Inbody, Eric L. Brosha, and Dennis R. Guidry of Los Alamos National Laboratory

DFMA Cost Estimates of Fuel-Cell/Reformer Systems at Low/Medium/High Production Rates - Brian D. James, Greg D. Ariff, Reed C. Kuhn, and Duane B. Myers - Directed Technologies, Inc. 2003.

Hydrogen Production and Delivery - Papers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's These R&D efforts, which fall into five major categories: Biological Water Splitting, Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting, Reforming of Biomass and Wastes, Solar Thermal Water Splitting , and Renewable Electrolysis. Almost all of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. today is by steam reforming of natural gas and for the near term, this method of production will continue to dominate. Researchers at NREL are developing a wide range of advanced processes for producing hydrogen economically from sustainable resources.

Pre-reforming of propane for low-temperature SOFCs - Fengzhen Chen, Shaowu Zha , Jian Dong and Meilin Liu, Georgia Institute of Technology. Solid State Ionics, Volume 166, Issues 3-4, 30 January 2004.

Reforming of Biogas Feed for Fuel Cells - University of Strathclyde, Energy Systems Research Unit.

Researchers demonstrate alternative fuel cell system - 2006 article on a logistics fuel processor developed and demonstrated at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla. The processor would permit the use of a reliable and easily operated fuel cell power system as an alternative to current Mobile Electric Power (MEP) units.

Hydrogen Storage

Development of Automotive Liquid Hydrogen Storage Systems - G. Krainz, G. Bartlok, P. Bodner, P. Casapicola, Ch. Doeller, F. Hofmeister, E. Neubacher, A. Zieger, MAGNA STEYR Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG, Austria.

Getting hydrogen storage just right - September 2006 article in Chemical Science on hydrogen storage using zeolites.

Hydrogen storage - Overview of hydrogen storage from the Encyclopedia of the Earth.

Manufacturing Research & Development of Onboard Hydrogen Storage Systems for Transportation Applications - Background Material for the Manufacturing R&D Workshop, July 2005.

'Soap' may make clean fuel-cell cars feasible - Christian Science Monitor article about DaimlerChrysler's research into hydrogen storage using sodium borohydride.

Hydrogen Sensors

Hydrogen Sensors for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Applications - A. Peter Jardine, DCH Technology.

Hydrogen Safety Sensors and their Applications in Hydrogen Storage, Distribution and Use - PowerPoint presentation by L. Brett of the European Commission's Joint Research Center, 2003.

Hydrogen Sensors Demonstrated on the Shuttle - Microelectromechanical-systems- (MEMS-) based hydrogen sensor technology developed by the NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field and Case Western Reserve University was demonstrated on shuttle missions STS–95 (Senator Glenn’s mission) and STS–96..

Low Cost, Thick Film Hydrogen Sensors - Oak Ridge National Laboratory fact sheet.

New hydrogen sensor faster, more sensitive - Argonne National Laboratory, 2005.

Hydrogen Refueling Stations & Infrastructure

A Comparative Study of Hydrogen Refueling Station Experience - A working group of the International Energy Agency’s Hydrogen Implementing Agreement has evaluated experiences with hydrogen fueling stations, considering the very recent experience in Malmö, Sweden, Reykjavik, Iceland, and Vancouver, Canada. In each case, a number of vehicles are operated on hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas and hydrogen fueling takes place at a dedicated refueling facility. Detailed analysis of these systems focuses on performance of the refueling station components. This paper presents a comparative discussion of the three refueling stations.

Cost and Performance Comparison Of Stationary Hydrogen Fueling Appliances - Duane B. Myers, Gregory D. Ariff, Brian D. James, John S. Lettow, C.E. (Sandy) Thomas, and Reed C. Kuhn. Prepared for the Hydrogen Program Office of the Department of Energy, April, 2002.

GM, Honda see future in fuel cells that power homes - USA Today, September 25, 2003. Article on home-based generation of hydrogen fuel to power vehicles and homes.

Home Hydrogen Refueling Technology Advances with the Honda Experimental Home Energy Station III - GizMag article, November 2005.

Hydrogen Fueling Station Layout - US DoE's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program. This animation demonstrates the setbacks required for hydrogen fueling stations.

Hydrogen Pathways Program Track 2: Infrastructure Modeling - Reports and presentations from the UC Davis, Institute of Transportation Studies' Hydrogen Pathways Program that provides a modeling framework to analyze alternative hydrogen implementation scenarios and pathways. Project areas include: Station Costs and Energy Station Analysis, Hydrogen Cost Uncertainty Model, Hydrogen Station Siting Analysis, H2 Delivery Analysis in Cities, Refueling Station Size Analysis, Steady-State Hydrogen Models, Assessment of Hydrogen and Fuel Reliability, Hydrogen and Electricity Infrastructure Interactions, Regional Coal-Based H2 Infrastructure, Hydrogen Production From Waste Biomass in California, Early Southern California Study, Hydrogen Infrastructure Transitions (HIT) and Future Impacts of Coal Distribution Constraints in a Coal-to-Hydrogen Economy.

Hydrogen Refueling Station Costs in Shanghai - Jonathan X. Weinert, J Ogden, UC Davis; Liu Shaojun, Ma Jianxin, Tongji University. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 2006.

The LAX Hydrogen Fueling Station Development: A Historical, Technical, and Economic Overview with a Discussion of the Obstacles Encountered and Lessons Learned - Jonathan Weinert, Proceeding of the National Hydrogen Association (NHA) 2004 Annual Conference, April 2004.

 

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Fuel Cell Components

A Novel Technique for Surface Area and Particle Size Determination of Components of Fuel Cells and Batteries - Akshaya Jena and Krishna Gupta, Porous Materials, Inc.

Characterization of Multi-layered Porous Components of Batteries and Fuel Cells - Akshaya Jena and Krishna Gupta, Porous Materials, Inc.

Characterization of Pore Structure of Fuel Cell Components Containing Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Pores - Akshaya Jena and Krishna Gupta, Porous Materials, Inc.

Corrosion-Resistant Coating for Carbonate Fuel Cell Components - Prepared for the California Energy Commission by Chemat Technology Inc., 2005.

Fuel Cell Materials and Components - Sossina M. Haile, Department of Materials Science and of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology. Published in Acta Materialia, August 2003. Reviews the current status of solid oxide and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.

Fuel Cell Power Plant: Major System Components - National Fuel Cell Research Center.

Fuel Cell Catalysts

Platinum

Catalyst breakthrough boosts hydrogen fuel cells - phys.org News, February 2007. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory have discovered new information on the behavior of nano-engineered platinum surfaces.

Optimization Study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) for Platinum Reduction and Performance - R. Madhusudana Rao and Raghunathan Rengaswamy Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University, AIChE 2006 Annual Meeting.

Platinum and hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles - Presents the findings of a short study on hydrogen and fuel cells focusing on the three key issues of likely future platinum availability and cost, hydrogen resource costs and the atmospheric impacts of hydrogen.

Platinum Availability and Economics for PEMFC Commercialization - a study by TIAX, Inc. December 2003.

Platinum dissolution and deposition in the polymer electrolyte membrane of a PEM fuel cell as studied by potential cycling - Kazuaki Yasuda, Akira Taniguchi, Tomoki Akita, Tsutomu Ioroi and Zyun Siroma, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2006, 8, 746 - 752.

Platinum in Fuel Cells Gets a Helping Hand - Article by Robert F. Service in the January 2007 issue of Science magazine.

Platinum Metals Review - A quarterly journal of scientific research on platinum group metals.

Platinum 2010 Interim Review - Johnson Matthey's latest market review of supply and demand for the platinum group metals.

Sonochemically Prepared Platinum Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications - K.Vinodgopal, Dept. of Chemistry, Indiana University; Brian Seger, Anusorn Kongkanand, and Prashant Kamat, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 210th ECS Meeting, 2006.

Thermal Stability in Air of Pt/C Catalysts and PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers - Olga A. Baturina, Steven R. Aubuchon, and Kenneth J. Wynne Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University and TA Instruments-Waters, LLC, Chem. Mater., 18 (6), 1498 -1504, 2006.

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Ruthenium

Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis at Chalcogen-modified Ruthenium Cathodes - J.H. Choi,, C. M. Johnston, P. Zelenay, Los Alamos National Laboratory; P. K. Babu, A. Wieckowski, Department of Chemistry
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; N. Alonso-Vante, 3Laboratory of Electrocatalysis, University of Poitiers. 210th ECS Meeting, 2006.

Performance and Durability of Chalcogenide-Modified Ruthenium Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction: Hydrogen-Air MEA and RRDE Studies - C. M. Johnston, J.-H. Choi, P. Zelenay, Los Alamos National Laboratory; P. K. Babu, A. Wieckowski, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 211th ECS Meeting, 2007.

 

Military Applications

See also Small Fuel Cells (Portable Power, Auxiliary Power Units), Stationary Fuel Cells (General), Transportation (Cars, Buses/Trucks, Marine, Rail), Fuel Cell Types (SOFC), Fuel (Diesel/JP-8) and Market Surveys.

DoD Fuel Cell - website of the US Army Corp of Engineers' Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL). Since 1992, ERDC-CERL has offered valuable insights into evaluating and installing fuel cell power plants for stationary applications, demonstrating more than 250 fuel cells installations for stationary power. Details and reports on the installations are available on this site.

For soldiers, tiny may be big in solving battlefield power needs - U.S. Department of Energy Research News, November 2003.

Fuel Cell APU for Silent Watch and Mild Electrification of a Medium Tactical Truck - Zoran Filipi, Loucas Louca, Anna Stefanopoulou, Jay Pukrushpan, Burit Kittirungsi and Huei Peng, Automotive Research Center, University of Michigan, 2004.

Fuel cell efforts move to front line - U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, January 6, 2006.

Fuel Cell Powered Locomotive Could Support National Defense - US Army, Corps of Engineers

Fuel cell technology enhances military robotics - RFDesign, December 1, 2006.

Fuel Cell Technology Positioned as Viable Alternative to Generators - National Defense magazine, September 2006.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells May Help U.S. Military Cut Gas Usage - Gerry J. Gilmore, American Forces Press Service, March 24, 2006.

Powering the Battlefield: Fuel Cells and Renewable Energy - Military.com, 2004.

What will the battlefield vehicles look like in the future? - carlist.com, April 1, 2005.

 

Market Surveys

Country Studies

2010 Korea Study - outlines and analyzes the market trends and developments for fuel cell adoption in Korea. This survey is part of a regular series of country-specific market surveys. August 2010. Fuel Cell Today.

2009 India Survey - outlines and analyzes the market trends and developments for fuel cell adoption in India. This survey is part of a regular series of country-specific market surveys. November 2008. Fuel Cell Today.

European Stationary Fuel Cells Markets - analysis of the stationary fuel cells market, along with forecasts for revenues and unit sales for different fuel cell technologies. The study also provides a complete analysis of key market drivers, restraints, and trends impacting the stationary fuel cells market. Frost & Sullivan, Dec 2006.

FCTESTNET Fuel Cell Survey by region - Asia/Pacific - Profiles main players, PEFC/DMFC/MCFC/ SOFC/ZAFC development, research targets and strategies, major results of the last 5 years, organization and quality assurance of research, standardization and testing activities. March 2006. European Commission Fuel Cell TEsting and STandardisation thematic NETwork (FCTESTNET) program.

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: the U.S. Market Report - report by the National Hydrogen Association that examines the merchant hydrogen market (where hydrogen is sold to businesses and consumers for use as an energy carrier) from the perspectives of production and delivery; use, and education and employment.   It also reports on products already being sold to customers and the potential the hydrogen and fuel cell industry has for growth in the near future. March 2010.

Micro Cogeneration: Towards a Decentralized and Sustainable German Energy System? - Barbara Praetorius, Lambert Schneider, 29th IAEE International Conference, 2006. The case study considers the status quo and potential of micro cogeneration in Germany. The diverse consequences of a broader introduction of micro CHP for the energy market, the customers, the environment and the economy require an interdisciplinary investigation into the real benefits and barriers of micro CHP. Includes fuel cell micro CHP.

North American Large Fuel Cell Markets - The North American large fuel cell market is the focus of increasing efforts. Stationary power is the most tried and tested application for fuel cells, having received considerable attention and investment for over thirty years. The success of the stationary power fuel cell market now hinges on the performance and successful demonstrations of reliable technologies. The present research service analyzed these technologies along with the revenues, unit shipment and output forecasts. All this are supported by identifying the drivers and restraints, as well as challenges, facing these markets. May 2007. Frost & Sullivan.

North American Small Fuel Cell Markets - detailed insights into the major market drivers, restraints, challenges, and strategic recommendations, along with a complete analysis of the top industry participants and competitive factors. Examine the following technologies: PEM, SOFC, AFC; applications: UPS, back up/stand by, prime power/base load grid support; end users: hotels and resorts, telecommunications, residential, and others. April 2007. Frost & Sullivan.

Potential for the Commercialization of Fuel Cells in Taiwan - written as part of a U.S.-Taiwan Fuel Cell Initiative with the Woodrow Wilson Center's China Environment Forum and Breakthrough Technologies, Inc., 2006.

State of the States: Fuel Cells in America - analyzes the seven regions of the United States, and provides a snapshot of fuel cell and hydrogen activity in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia.   Fuel Cells 2000. April 2010.

Strategic Analysis of the Japanese Fuel Cell Markets - overview of the fuel cell markets in Japan with a complete analysis of the key market trends, challenges, drivers, and restraints. In this research service, Frost & Sullivan's expert analysts thoroughly examine the following markets: residential fuel cell systems, large stationary systems, fuel cells for portable devices, FCVs. November 2006. Frost & Sullivan.

Survey of Korea 2010 - Fuel Cell Today.

Transportation

2009 Light Duty Vehicle Survey -outlines market developments over the past year and includes an overview of key automaker activities in this sector. This survey is updated annually.May 2009. Fuel Cell Today.

2008 Bus Survey - summarizes and analyzes the market developments within the mass transport sector, specifically buses. This survey is updated annually. December 2008. Fuel Cell Today.

2008 Niche Transport Survey Volume 2 - covers market developments across the marine/submarine and auxiliary power unit (APU) sectors. This survey is updated annually. August 2008. Fuel Cell Today.

2008 Niche Transport Survey Volume 1 - covers market developments across a range of niche transport applications, including aircraft and aerospace, scooters, motorbikes and other two- and three-wheeled vehicles, materials handling vehicles such as forklift trucks,  trains and the ‘other’ category, including such applications as wheelchairs and mobility assistance vehicles. This survey is updated annually. July 2008. Fuel Cell Today.

A Portfolio of Power-trains: A Fact Based Analysis - concludes fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are ready for commercial scale-up, and essential to meeting our energy security and environmental needs. The report was sponsored by a 31-member public-private coalition and states that significant penetration of both fuel cell and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) will be needed to build a sustainable transportation system by 2050 -- and that FCEVs and BEVs could be cost-competitive with internal combustion engines (ICEs) as early as 2020. October 2010. McKinsey & Company.

Advances in Fuel Cells for Automotive Applications (Technical Insights) - provides an overview of emerging fuel cell technologies for the automotive industry along with key drivers, restraints, and analysis of trends witnessed in the fuel cell industry. Examine the following technologies: proton exchange membrane fuel cells, membrane electrode assemblies, and catalysts for fuel cells. March 2006. Frost & Sullivan.

Fuel Cell Transportation Market Opportunities, Market Forecasts, and Market Strategies, 2007-2013 - May 2005. Wintergreen Research.

Fuel Cell Vehicle and Hydrogen Infrastructure report - that provides detailed analysis of the various types of fuel cell vehicles currently in use and under development.  It also examines the market, legislative and technological influences that look set to drive change in this area over the next five to ten years and beyond. Particular emphasis is given to developments in establishing a hydrogen refueling infrastructure. November 2010. Automotiveworld.com.

Fuel Cell Vehicles: Light Vehicles, Medium/Heavy-Duty Trucks, Transit Buses, and Hydrogen Refueling Infrastructure - report by Pike Research predicts that sales of vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells will surge over the next 10 years.  According to the report, by 2014 fuel cell vehicles will be a commercial reality, and by 2020 over 2.8 million fuel cell-powered cars and trucks will have been sold with about 37 percent of those vehicles will be sold in Western Europe, 36 percent in the Asia-Pacific region, and 25 percent in North America.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle and Station Report - details the next steps needed to transition fuel cell vehicles to the commercial marketplace. April 2009. California Fuel Cell Partnership.

Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets - The research presented in this report identifies and characterizes near-term and mid-term markets in which PEM fuel cells can be successful. This report also assesses the market opportunity for PEM fuel cells in three near-term pre-automotive markets, including state and local emergency response agencies, forklifts in warehousing and distribution centers, and airport ground support equipment markets. April 2007. U.S. Department of Energy. A summary presentation given in June 2008 can be found HERE.

Worldwide Hydrogen Bus Demonstrations 2002-2007 - a survey of the experiences of transit agencies and their partners in deploying hydrogen buses (fuel cell and hydrogen internal combustion engine) in their transit fleets.  Participants were impressed with the reliability of fuel cell buses and reported that the buses performed well across a wide range of operating conditions and were easily incorporated into revenue service.  Key challenges for the next generation of hydrogen buses will include increasing vehicle range, further extending fuel cell durability, improving battery and infrastructure reliability, and reducing hydrogen filling times.  The report was written and prepared for the FTA by the Center for Transportation and the Environment and Breakthrough Technologies Institute.

Components

Battery & Fuel Cell Chemicals and Materials - Global Strategic Business Report - analyzes the worldwide markets for Battery & Fuel Cell Chemicals and Materials in Millions of US$. The major product segments analyzed are Chemicals, Metals, and Polymers. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America. Annual forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2001 through 2010. July 2006. Global Industry Analysts, Inc.

Demand For Nonreactive Components for Fuel Cell Balance of Plant - The global market for nonreactive components for fuel cell balance of plant increased from roughly $117 million in 2006 to an estimated $138 million by the end of 2007. It should reach $326 million by 2012, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18.8%. November 2007. BCC.

Fuel Cell Catalysts: Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2007 to 2013 - November 2007. Wintergreen Research.

Materials for Proton Exchange Membranes and Membrane Electrode Assemblies for PEM Fuel Cells - The components for PEM fuel cells market in North America is expected to rise at an average annual growth rate of 25.1% to $929 million in 2011. May 2006.

Distributed Generation

Distributed Generation: Technologies, Opportunities, and Participants - 5th Edition- a 225-page study of the Distributed Generation (DG) industry. It takes a wide-ranging look at the current and future state of DG and both individually and collectively addresses the technologies of Microturbines, Reciprocating Engines, Stirling Engines, Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Concentrating Solar, and Wind. August 2005. Research Reports International

Fuels

2009 Infrastructure Survey - outlines market developments in global hydrogen refuelling infrastructure over the past year with an overview of regional activities and company analysis. This survey is updated annually. June 2009. Fuel Cell Today.

Alternative Fuels: The Future of Hydrogen - This book addresses factors affecting current and emerging energy use choices, including the availability and desirability of various fuels - and in particular, hydrogen. Topics include energy policy, fuel supply trends, statistics and projections, oil reserves, alternative scenarios, energy utilization, sustainable energy, cost analysis, fuel escalation, energy and development, regulatory issues, barriers to implementation, conversion systems, storage systems, thermodynamic efficiency, fuel chain efficiency, life-cycle efficiency, technology issues, extracting, refining, air emission issues, safety, natural gas,hydrogen gas, methanol, ethanol, steam reforming, and fuel cells. October 2006. The Fairmont Press.

Comparing Electricity and Hydrogen as Carbon-Free Final Energy Sources - (German) report by LBST and Fraunhofer ISI that compares FCEVs and BEVs. Press release in English. June 2010.

Effects of a Transition to a Hydrogen Economy on Employment in the United States - U.S. Department of Energy. July 2008.

Energy Evolution:  An Analysis of Alternative Vehicles and Fuels to 2100 - shows that a scenario which initially includes a mix of alternative vehicles, and is later dominated by hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles sales, is the only way to simultaneously cut U.S. greenhouse gas pollution by 80% below 1990 levels; reach petroleum quasi-independence by mid-century; and eliminate nearly all controllable air pollution by the end of the century.  The report also shows that an expansion of hydrogen stations is more affordable than most people think. May 2009. National Hydrogen Association.

Fuel Cell Fuel Sources: Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2007 to 2013 - Wintergreen Research.

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: the U.S. Market Report - examines the merchant hydrogen market (where hydrogen is sold to businesses and consumers for use as an energy carrier) from the perspectives of production and delivery; use, and education and employment.   It also reports on products already being sold to customers and the potential the hydrogen and fuel cell industry has for growth in the near future. March 2010. National Hydrogen Association.

The Hydrogen Economy Ed 1 2007 - This Hydrogen market research report explains what a Hydrogen Economy would be and describes the many obstacles which would need to be overcome to bring it into existence. This report provides hydrogen market information looking at the development of the Hydrogen Economy and how they will advance on two fronts. The development of another technology, the Fuel Cell, is essential to the exploitation of Hydrogen; the two are interlinked. April 2007. ABS Energy Research.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle and Station Report - details the next steps needed to transition fuel cell vehicles to the commercial marketplace. April 2009. California Fuel Cell Partnership.

General Fuel Cells

2010 Fuel Cell Today Industry Review - Fuel Cells: Sustainability - covers both the economic and environmental aspects of sustainability including: fuel cells’ contribution to CO2 reduction; fuel cells and regulated pollutants; and fuel cells and job creation potential. The report estimates that the global fuel cell industry could create 700,000 green manufacturing jobs over the next decade.

2009 Fuel Cell Market Report - an overview of all 2009 fuel cell activity, including sales, shipments and financials, with a spotlight on Korea and fuel cell company profiles. Written by Breakthrough Technologies Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy's EERE Fuel Cell Technologies Program.

2008 Fuel Cell Market Report - an overview of all 2008 fuel cell activity, including sales, shipments and financials as well as fuel cell company profiles. Written by Breakthrough Technologies Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy's EERE Fuel Cell Technologies Program.

2007 Worldwide Fuel Cell Industry Survey - The US Fuel Cell Council released the fourth annual worldwide fuel cell industry survey, conducted by PriceWaterhouse Coopers LLC, in July, 2008.  This annual survey examines worldwide fuel cell activity in the categories of sales, research & development (R&D) expenditures and numbers of employees.  This survey includes real data from the time period from 2005 to 2006.

A Global Strategic Business Report - Provides a comprehensive review of market trends, major developments, mergers, acquisitions, profiles of major players and other strategic industry activities. Analyses are presented for major geographic markets such as US, Canada, Japan, France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Analytics for the period 2003 through 2012 are provided in terms of product segments including Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Market, Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells, Alkaline Fuel Cells Market, and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. March 2008. Global Industry Analysts.

Analyzing Fuel Cell Technology - analyzes the recognition, development and advancement of fuel cell technology; provides the basics of a fuel cell; its structure hardware and working principles; discusses types of fuel cells available in todays marketplace and development on certain future oriented products; analyzes basic hydrogen availability and sources; analyzes micro fuel cells, cost constraints and overall competitive market activity; provides a comprehensive outlook on the potential for Fuel Cells and the industrys future; and the interest and initiatives of major industry players by companies and by geography June 2007. Research and Markets.

Freedonia Focus on Fuel Cells - This report discusses US commercial fuel cell demand for the years 2001 and 2006, with forecasts to 2011. Topics covered include fuel cell construction and operation, chemistry and application segmentation, world commercial fuel cell demand, technology, alternate sources of power, market environment, chemistry and application forecasts, industry composition and leading participants. Chemistry segments include proton-exchange membranes, solid-oxide, direct methanol and other chemistries; application segments cover electric power generation, portable electronics, motor vehicle and other applications. May 2007. Freedonia Focus.

Fuel Cell Industry Analysis - The report focuses on the growing marketplace for fuel cell industry at global as well country level and analyzes the current market trends, applications, technology and growth prospects of the fuel industry. May 2008. RNCOS.

Fuel Cell Industry Assessment Report - The Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) provides summaries of the commercial activities of 110 key fuel cell stack developers and system manufacturers. January 2005.

Fuel Cells - This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Fuel Cells in Millions of US$. The major product segments analyzed are Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells, Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells, Alkaline Fuel Cells, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, and Rest of World. Annual forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2000 through 2010. The report profiles 161 companies. January 2006. Global Industry Analysts.

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: The Path Forward - this report represents a coalition of 26 leading fuel cell companies to answer the Congressional call for a national fuel cell and hydrogen strategy. The report details a 10-year, cost-shared program that would require $5.5 billion in federal funds. The report also offers specific recommendations in several program areas, including research and development; demonstration programs; federal purchases; investment in fuel infrastructure; market entry support; removal of barriers; and education and outreach.

Fuel Cells at the Crossroads: Attitudes Regarding the Investment Climate for the U.S. Fuel Cell Industry and a Projection of Industry Job Creation Potential - Increasing fuel cell investment will not only impact energy security and air quality, it could yield nearly 200,000 new jobs in the next 20 years. The study estimates that total employment in the U.S. fuel cell industry in 2002 was approximately 4,500 to 5,500 and could climb to as many as 189,000 by 2021 in direct and indirect job growth as demand grows. December 2003. Breakthrough Technologies Institute.

Fuel Cells Enter a New Phase - This report reviews fuel cell industry trends, with details on the status and activities of leading companies, and our own outlook for the near term. August 2006. IDC.

Fuel Cells, Hydrogen, and Battery Technology Trends - This report focuses on key trends in fuel cells and hydrogen, along with battery technologies. The findings are from the Alliance 's most recent alternative energy survey, completed February 10, 2006. A total of 121 members working in the alternative energy industry participated, including 25 working in companies involved with Fuel Cells. March 2006, ChangeWave Research.

Fuel Cells- Power Source for Future Generations of Industrial Healthcare and Transportation Applications - Examines the various breakthrough technologies in this industry and their impact on various sectors. The study identifies key market participants and technology developers and provides time lines for commercialization of new technologies. These are likely to assist companies in establishing licensing agreements, strategic collaborations, and acquisitions. September 2003. Frost & Sullivan.

Fuel Cells to 2012 - This study analyzes the emerging US fuel cell industry. It presents historical data and forecasts for 2012, 2017 and 2025 by electrolyte chemistry (e.g., alkaline, methanol, molten carbonate, phosphoric acid, proton-exchange membrane, solid-oxide); fuel (e.g., hydrocarbon-based, pure hydrogen, renewable); device and application The study also considers market environment factors and profiles major players. April 2008. Freedonia Group.

Fuel Cell Technology and Market Potential 2007 - explains the fuel cell market, identifies the current and future state of the fuel cell industry, and details industry initiatives and potential. Includes a special section on Micro Fuel Cell Technology and Potential. Research and Markets.

Fuel Cell Technology and Market Potential Report and Manufacturer Directory - This comprehensive new report explains the fuel cell market, identifies the current and future state of the fuel cell industry, and details industry initiatives and potential. It includes a special section on Micro Fuel Cell Technology and Potential. May 2006. Energy Business Reports.

Market for Fuel Cell Technology (2006-2007) - provides objective analysis on fuel cell vehicle technology that will revolutionize the automotive industry. RNCOS, July 2006.

New Technology Automobiles: Road to Distributed Energy? - The predominant market entry strategy for DE technologies, particularly fuel cells and microturbines, have assumed that their primary market will be for stationary electric power generation, including cogeneration applications. But advances in new automotive technology might challenge that vision. Transportation applications provide an existing mass market that could drive manufacturing costs down much faster than the power generation market alone. This report examines how advances in automotive technologies might impact stationary DE markets. July 2006. IDC.

Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - provides objective analysis of policy responses and hurdles and business opportunities. Information regarding the latest RD&D, policy initiatives and private sector plans are assessed from the perspective of the rapidly changing global energy system in the next half century. January 2006. International Energy Agency.

World Fuel Cells to 2013 - Global commercial fuel cell demand will triple through 2013 in dollar terms. Portable fuel cells will remain the dominant application by unit, while electric power generation will continue as the top use in value terms. PEM chemistry fuel cells will strengthen their dominant position over the next decade. June 2009. Freedonia Group.

Fuel Cell Types

Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets - The research presented in this report identifies and characterizes near-term and mid-term markets in which PEM fuel cells can be successful. This report also assesses the market opportunity for PEM fuel cells in three near-term pre-automotive markets, including state and local emergency response agencies, forklifts in warehousing and distribution centers, and airport ground support equipment markets. April 2007. U.S. Department of Energy. A summary presentation given in June 2008 can be found HERE.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) - Global Strategic Business Report - analyzes the worldwide markets for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) in US$ Million.The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the North America, Europe, Japan, and Rest of World. Annual forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2000 through 2010. Global Industry Analysts, Inc., January 2007.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Europe: a Strategic Review - Report finds that SOFCs will reach commercialization in Europe between 2010 and 2012. Frost & Sullivan, November 2007.

Micro Fuel Cells

2009 Portable Survey - outlines market developments for portable fuel cells.  This survey includes information on consumer electronics as well as niche markets such as fuel cell toys and military applications for fuel cell technology. This survey is updated annually. April 2009. Fuel Cell Today.

Everyone Wants Better Battery Life: Can Fuel Cell Technology Deliver? - This Insight assesses the current situation surrounding Li-ion batteries and provides an insight into the prospects of methanol fuel cell batteries in the laptop computer space. January 2007. IDC.

Mobile handset batteries and fuel cells report: 2006-2013 - This 90+ page report specifically focuses on the use of micro-fuel cells for mobile handsets and laptops. July 2006. Visiongain.

World Advances in Microfuel Cell Technology (Technical Insights) - Examines innovative technologies that are fast making their way toward commercialization. The research service defines key markets and applications and reports on technology drivers as well as obstacles in the way of commercial success. March 2005. Frost & Sullivan.

Worldwide Micro Fuel Cell Market Shares Strategies, and Forecasts, 2009-2015 - December 2008. Wintergreen Research.

 

Portable Power

Fuel Cells for Portable Power: Markets, Manufacture and Cost - An analysis of fuel cell development for portable power, including a competitive overview of major fuel cell developers and suppliers; a look at batteries versus fuel cells; technology assessment; and cost reduction opportunities. The competitive section breaks down the major fuel cell developers by (1) those companies focused on portable fuel cell applications; and (2) companies focused on developing fuel cell materials, components and fuels. Free. Written by the Darnell Group for Breakthrough Technologies Institute & the U.S. Fuel Cell Council. January 2003.

North American Portable Fuel Cell Markets - This Frost & Sullivan research service on North American Portable Fuel Cell Markets provides detailed insights into the major market drivers, restraints, challenges, and strategic recommendations, along with a complete analysis of the top industry participants and competitive factors. Technologies examined include: proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC); applications: back up/auxiliary power units (APU)/combined heat and power (CHP)/remote-off grid power/recreational; and end users: military, telecomm, residential, marine, and research. 2007. Frost & Sullivan.

Portable Power Devices: Industry Review and Market Projections - An overview of premium power sources defined as fuel cells, rechargeable lithium batteries and metal-air fuel cells; An examination of these three premium power sources and the one-watt to 150-watt market they compete for; An overview of the manufacturers of portable fuel cells and secondary lithium batteries; Discussion of current technology and technology trends; Profiles of market leaders in these areas. January 2005. BCC Research.

Backup Power

Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets - The research presented in this report identifies and characterizes near-term and mid-term markets in which PEM fuel cells can be successful. This report also assesses the market opportunity for PEM fuel cells in three near-term pre-automotive markets, including state and local emergency response agencies, forklifts in warehousing and distribution centers, and airport ground support equipment markets. April 2007. U.S. Department of Energy. A summary presentation given in June 2008 can be found HERE.

Switch Signals: Fuel Cells in Distributed Telecom Backup - Shows that fuel cells are 32% and 35% less expensive than battery back up power solutions based on ten- and fifteen- year useful life and a five year battery replacement cycle, including tax credits.  Without the credits, the fuel cell life cycle costs are 12% and 18% less expensive.  August 2005. Citigroup Global Markets.

Stationary

2009 Small Stationary Survey -outlines market developments in the small stationary sector over the past year and includes an overview of a number of companies with commercial products. This survey is updated annually. March 2009. Fuel Cell Today.

2009 Large Stationary Survey- outlines market developments in the large stationary sector over the past year and includes an overview of a number of companies with commercial products. Large stationary fuel cells are defined as units above 10kW.  This survey is updated annually. August 2008. Fuel Cell Today.

Advancing Stationary Fuel Cells through State Policies - written by Charles Kubert as part of the Clean Energy States Alliance report series. May 2010.

Fuel Cell Technology: A Clean, Reliable Source of Stationary Power - written by Charles Kubert as part of the Clean Energy States Alliance report series. May 2010.

Fuel Cells for Power Generation - free brochure by the US Fuel Cell Council that includes information on some of the most prominent fuel cell manufacturers in the industry. Member company work is highlighted, with pictures of a wide variety of commercially available and "in the works" fuel cell systems. The brochure reviews fuel cells for stationary applications such as distributed generation, CHP and emergency back up power. Topics such as technological and environmental benefits as well as applicable codes and standards are also covered.

Fuel Cells for Stationary Power - Global Trends and Technology Developments - This study covers various stationary power generation technologies such as phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). It also analyses the drivers and challenges for different technologies, its applications, and the road map for the evolution of technologies. The research service enables companies to align their positioning strategies to benefit from these technologies.June 2005. Frost & Sullivan.

Leading Fuel Cell Technologies - report published by Business Insights that analyzes the future of fuel cell technologies and their usage in stationary power generation. June 2009.

Stationary Fuel Cell Market Opportunities, Strategies, and Forecasts, 2006 to 2012 - September 2006. Wintergreen Research.

Stationary Fuel Cells and Critical Power Applications - written by Charles Kubert as part of the Clean Energy States Alliance report series. May 2010.

Military

2009 Portable Survey - outlines market developments for portable fuel cells.  This survey includes information on consumer electronics as well as niche markets such as fuel cell toys and military applications for fuel cell technology. This survey is updated annually. April 2009. Fuel Cell Today.

Evolution of Fuel Cells and Batteries for the Military: Trends and Markets - An in-depth analysis of military sources, Department of Defense (DoD), and related technical and business literature and published dissertations, combined with a review of the history of the technologies involved, interviews with industry experts, federal government researchers, and contractors provided an assessment of the outlook, the progress and the deployment of fuel cells in the United States military. March 2004.

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Periodicals (alpha by publication title)

Advanced Fuel Cell Technology - (monthly) fuel cell newsletter published by Seven Mountains Scientific, Inc.

Alternative Energy News Source - designed to help entrepreneurs who are interested in the exciting world of alternative energy breakthroughs, and to provide an alternative energy news source for investors and the general public.

Clean Cities Now - (quarterly) newsletter. Clean Cities is a deployment activity within the U.S. Department of Energy's FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) Program.

Clean Fuels and Electric Vehicles Report - newsletter on alternative fuel vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles.

Electrifying Times - reports on fuel cell and advanced automobile applications.

Fuel Cell Connection - (monthly) newsletter published by U.S. Fuel Cell Council, National Fuel Cell Research Center, and National Energy Technology Laboratory. Free, distributed via email.

Fuel Cell Directory - a complete guide to fuel cell developers, researchers and consultants, suppliers to the fuel cell industry, component manufacturers, utilities, associations and interested government agencies around the world. In addition to address, phone number, email, company URLs, there is also added information such as stock symbols, investor, media and human resource contacts, and the name of the President or CEO, as well as a description of current research projects and fuel cell type. Costs US$500 for Excel CD-ROM database.

Fuel Cell Quarterly - (email quarterly) newsletter published by Fuel Cells 2000. Round-ups of trends and news in the fuel cell industry.

Fuel Cell Technology Update - (monthly) free email newsletter published by Fuel Cells 2000. Highlights the latest advancements in the fuel cell industry.

Fuel Cell World - (quarterly) German-language publication of the World Fuel Cell Council, Kroegerstrasse 5, D-60313 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Tel. (+49) 69-28-3851.

Fuel Cells Bulletin - (monthly) newsletter published by Elsevier Advanced Technology, organizers of the Grove Fuel Cell Symposium, P.O. Box 150, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1AS, United Kingdom.

Fuel Cells - a journal covering all aspects of fuel cells, ranging from their molecular basis to application in systems, such as power plants, road vehicles and portable power sources.

H2Nation Magazine - educates and informs about developments in the use of hydrogen and other alternate fuels that create a cleaner, healthier, and safer world and relieve mankind of dependence on fossil fuels.

Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Letter - online version of this monthly newsletter on the hydrogen and fuel cell industries.

Hydrogen Mirror / Wasserstoff-Spiegel - (bimonthly) newsletter published by the Deutscher-Wasserstoff-Verband (German Hydrogen Association).

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy - (monthly), Elsevier Science Ltd., publishers.

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Searchable Online Energy & Science Libraries

Catalog of U.S. Government Publications - Managed by GPO Access. "The Catalog is a search and retrieval service that provides bibliographic records of U.S. Government information resources. Use it to link to Federal agency online resources or identify materials distributed to Federal Depository Libraries. Coverage begins with January 1994 and new records are added daily." You can search by keyword, title, GPO stock number, publication date, and depository item number. Once you find the publication you need, you can find out which libraries near you have the publication in stock.

Defense Technology Information Center (DTIC) Website - Abstracts and Technical Reports for completed RDT&E efforts are available through this web site. DTIC's Scientific and Technical Information Network (STINET) Service helps the DoD community access pertinent scientific and technical information to meet mission needs more effectively. Public STINET gives you access to all unclassified, unlimited citations to documents added into DTIC from late December 1974 to present.

EnergyFiles Virtual Library Collections of Energy Science and Technology - Sponsored, developed, and maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). The Library's "EnergyPortal Search" can return full text documents from a variety of databases, including Alternative Fuels Data Center, DOE R&D Project Summaries Database, IBM Patents Database, DOE Reports Bibliographic Database, and the DTIC Technical Reports Database. A search on "fuel cell" came up with more than 4,000 documents, all available in PDF format online.

E-print Network: Research Communication for Scientists and Engineers - Managed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information. Provides single-query access to electronic preprints available from diverse sites. Allows you to access some of the newest technical data before it is even published! Primarily math, computer science, and physics related documents.

Federal R&D Project Summaries - Find out about federally funded research and development projects, including collaborators, funding amounts, project duration, project contact.

Hydride Information Center - sponsored by Sandia National Laboratories, this site provides access to a comprehensive set of databases on metal-hydrogen systems, their properties, applications and literature sources, as well as profiles of organizations involved in metal-hydrogen development.

Infotrieve's Article Finder – accesses scientific, technical, medical, and other scholarly content. Search through 26 million citations and 8.5 million abstracts from over 54,000 journals with a simple or advanced search. [exit federal site] The collection grows at a rate of over 44,000 new records every week. Article Finder contains the content of Infotrieve's eContent, Table of Contents (TOCs) and MEDLINE® databases, with direct feeds from publishers and access to several other databases all in one collection.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Virtual Library - Library of technical information. Also contains archives of the NIST Journal of Research.

National Technical Information Service Electronic Catalog - contains more than 400,000 government publications and other products issued by NTIS since 1990. Search by title or topic only. One recent search on the term "fuel cell" pulled up 255 specific documents on subjects ranging from a fuel cell infrastructure and commercialization study, to a technical progress report on a water-cooled PAFC, to an annual report on the design, fabrication and testing of a solid oxide fuel cell.

National Transportation Library - contains over 5,300 full-text documents and indexes 110,000 documents from 14 transportation agencies. The collection includes U.S. DOT reports, transportation planning documents, and material from more than 30 state DOTs and university websites.

Newton - a free service provided by Argonne National Laboratory to answer tough science questions. Geared towards science students and teachers.

Omega 23 - features a list of purchasable books on the subjects of fuel cell and related technologies. All of the links automatically take you to the Amazon.com info page for the book, and allow you to order directly from Amazon.

OSTI's Energy Citations Database – U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific & Technical Information (OSTI) database. Contains bibliographic records for energy and energy-related scientific and technical information from the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies, the Energy Research & Development Administration (ERDA) and the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). The database provides access to DOE publicly available citations from 1948 through the present, with continued growth through regular updates.

ScienceResearch.com – a Web portal allowing access via one query to numerous scientific journals and public science databases. Thousands of journals and databases, effectively millions of documents, can be searched in real-time. Depending on the source, full-text documents may be available. In the event full text is not available, an abstract of the article and a link to the source will be retrieved.

Scirus – covers scientific information through ScienceDirect, MEDLINE on BioMedNet, Beilstein on ChemWeb, Neuroscion, BioMed Central and Patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and related information on the Web.

Transportation Research Information Services - contains half a million recodes of published and ongoing research on all modes and disciplines in the field of transportation.

U.S. Department of Energy Information Bridge - Search and access full-text U.S. Department of Energy research and development reports in physics, chemistry, materials, environmental sciences, energy technologies, engineering, renewable energy and other topics. Site contains more than 50,000 reports entailing over 4 million searchable pages, bibliographic records, and abstracts.

U.S. Department of Energy R&D Accomplishments - This database contains searchable full text and bibliographic citations of documents reporting accomplishments from DOE and DOE contractor facilities. Includes pictures, overviews, or synopses of accomplishments.

 


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