For students, teachers, researchers, or interested parties, we provide this comprehensive guide to published reports, articles, presentations and websites, as well as audio and video on fuel cells, hydrogen and related fuels. For books and articles not available online, just print this list and take it to your local library, or check out the Searchable Online Database links! We have a lot of resources listed and divided everything into categories, so be sure to look through the entire table of contents.

You can also visit our Links page for a thorough listing of fuel cell newsletters, informational sites and other resources.

Fuel Cell and Energy Basics
Video and Animated Clips

Policy

Codes & Standards

Stationary Applications

Transportation Applications

Portable Fuel Cells

Fuel Cell Types

Fuels for Fuel Cells

  • Fossil Fuels

Fuel Cell Components

Fuel Cell Catalysts

Military Applications

Market Surveys

Periodicals

Fuel Cell and Energy Basics

A Fuel Cell Primer - an article by Bernadette Geyer from IAEI News, November/December 2001.

A Fuel Cell Primer: The Promise and the Pitfalls - a downloadable report which provides the ins and outs on fuel cell technology and the emerging industry for investors. Co-authored by Tom Koppel and Jay Reynolds. $25 for the Internet version and electronic updates of the primer are free. 30 pages. Last updated January 2001.

The Bumpy Road to Hydrogen - Daniel Sperling and Joan Ogden, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis. Presented at World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Lyon, France, June 15, 2006. The accompanying presentation can be found HERE.

The Business of Fuel Cells: Decision Support for the Executive - this report on the fuel cell industry is meant to provide business leaders with information to determine where opportunities in the industry lie. Not a technical study, the 569-page report outlines this emerging technology using the maturity curve, the "circle of oops," the executive shift, early adopters, major improvements, infrastructure and the adoption rate. A comprehensive section of fuel cell funding sources, both federal and state, is given. The major fuel cell systems manufacturers, as well as infrastructure support firms, are each detailed. The Roethle Group. November 2002.

Collecting the History of Fuel Cells- history of fuel cells, compiled by the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.

Different Types of Fuel Cells - Sandra Curtin, Fuel Cells 2000, Earthtoys Emagazine, April 2006.

Encyclopedia of Energy - 6-volume set draws together all aspects of energy, covering a wealth of areas throughout the natural, social and engineering sciences. 5000 pages. ISBN: 0-12-176480-X. Elsevier Books.

Energy Technology Analysis - Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. ISBN Number: 9264109587, November 2005. 256 pages.

Fuel Cell Fact Sheet - fact sheet on fuel cells published by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI).

Fuel Cell Handbook Seventh Edition - EG&G Technical Services, Inc, for the U.S. Department of Energy, November 2004. .

Fuel Cell Systems Explained - Larminie, J., and Dicks, A., John Wiley & Sons Ltd., West Sussex, United Kingdom, 2nd Edition, April 2003, 428pp.

Fuel Cells - Renewable Energy Policy Project Issue Brief on hydrogen and fuel cells. Includes sections on types, applications, reforming and storage, price points, critical parameters and fuel cell manufacturers.

Fuel Cells at the Crossroads: Attitudes Regarding the Investment Climate for the U.S. Fuel Cell Industry and a Projection of Industry Job Creation Potential - Increasing fuel cell investment will not only impact energy security and air quality, it could yield nearly 200,000 new jobs in the next 20 years. The study estimates that total employment in the U.S. fuel cell industry in 2002 was approximately 4,500 to 5,500 and could climb to as many as 189,000 by 2021 in direct and indirect job growth as demand grows. December 2003. Breakthrough Technologies Institute.

Fuel Cells: Green Power - Study guide developed by the U.S. Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: The Path Forward - this report represents a coalition of 26 leading fuel cell companies to answer the Congressional call for a national fuel cell and hydrogen strategy. The report details a 10-year, cost-shared program that would require $5.5 billion in federal funds. The report also offers specific recommendations in several program areas, including research and development; demonstration programs; federal purchases; investment in fuel infrastructure; market entry support; removal of barriers; and education and outreach.

The Global Fuel Cell Race: Can the United States Win? - a report done by Centra Technology, Inc. 901 N. Stewart St., Suite 801, Arlington, VA 22203. (703) 807-2361. September 2001.

Hydrogen & Our Energy Future - Hydrogen & Our Energy Future expands on the U.S. Department of Energy's series of one-page fact sheets to provide an in-depth look at hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. This overview book provides additional information on the science behind the technology — how it works, benefits over conventional technology, its status, and challenges — and explains how hydrogen and fuel cells fit into our energy portfolio.

Hydrogen Data Book - Pacfic Northwest National Laboratory (PNL) report offering data on hydrogen (properties, production, storage, delivery) and fuel cells (types, manufacturerers, vehicles), aas well as data pertinenet to hydrogen and fuel cell analysis (regional demographic information, regionale nergy supply data and conversion factors and constants).

HyWeb: Knowledge - links to hydrogen-related articles, abstracts and technical papers, a dictionary of hydrogen/fuel cell technical terms, workshop proceedings, and a Survey of German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Projects.

It's Your Environment - Interview with Bernadette Geyer, Deputy Executive Director, Breakthrough Technologies Institute, regarding the basics of fuel cell technology (Streaming Media, requires Windows Media Player plug-in).

Making Electricity With Hydrogen - Instructions for how to build a fuel cell from scratch.

Our Hydrogen + Fuel Cell Future - Government of Canada website. Discover how Hydrogen and Fuel Cells will realize a positive new energy future for Canada and the world. Includes sections on the science, benefits, industry, applications, and Canada's progress.

Poised for Profit II: Prospects for the Fuel Cell Sector - study by the Athena Institute. March 2003.

Powering The New Economy - Energy Accomplishments, Investments, Challenges - The report examines the accomplishments and challenges facing the U.S. energy market and specifically the role of fuel cells in the transportation and utility sector. U.S. Department of Energy, publication document number DOE/PO-0062, Washington, DC September 27, 2000.

Prospects for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - International Energy Agency book by Dolf Gielen and Giorgio Simbolotti (full text available on-line). Explores the potential of hydrogen and fuel cells in future energy markets.

Renewable, Hydrogen-Based Energy for Isolated Communities Worldwide - Report by the Desert Research Institute of Reno, Nevada. Examines using renewably-produced hydrogen in fuel cells for utility and vehicle applications.

Sourcebook on Hydrogen Applications - Provides information to facilitate designing, building, and operating hydrogen systems and provides an extensive listing of the Codes and Standards for the U.S., Canada, and other International certifying bodies, a complete look at fuel cell technology, a robust listing of suppliers and vendors for hydrogen technologies, and an interactive hydrogen sourcebook for kids. Developed by the Partnership for Advancing the Transition to Hydrogen (PATH).

Toward Tomorrow's Energy: Speeding the Commercial Use of Fuel Cells and Hydrogen - Peter Hoffman and Robert Rose, January 22, 2003.

U.S. Department of Energy's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program - The Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program is working with partners to accelerate the development and successful market introduction of these technologies. The program site is an outstanding resource with information on fuel cells; hydrogen production, delivery and storage; technology validation; safety, codes and standards; education; and systems analysis.

U.S. Energy Scenarios for the 21st Century - Irving Mintzer, J. Amber Leonard, Peter Schwartz, Global Business Network, prepared for the Pew Center on Global Climate Change, July 2003.

 

Videos and Animated Clips

Ballard Power Systems' Fuel Cell Animation (scroll down to "See how a PEM fuel cell works")

Bonneville Power Administration videos and animation - includes Fuel Cells in Education; Hydrogen: The Pollution Solution; Protium: The First Fuel Cell-Powered Band; and Fuel Cells: Power for the Future.

Videos from the California Fuel Cell Partnership

www.captainozone.com - features a documentary about Captain Ozone who is promoting hydrogen fuel cells on television and the Internet.

Consortium for Education in Renewable Energy Technologies' animation and quiz, The Heart of a Fuel Cell   

Department of Energy's PEM Fuel Cell Animation

GM's Clickable "Road to the Future" Fuel Cell Technology Animation

Hydrogen Fuel Cell - animated presentation on how a fuel cell works, by Jeff Bennett of Digital Splash Multimedia Studios.

EVWorld Video: Fuel Cell Ford Focus - one minute video that takes you along for a ride in they hydrogen-powered Fuel Cell Ford Focus.

How Fuel Cells Work - from howstuffworks.com

Los Alamos National Laboratory's Fuel Cell Animation

The Clear Alternative: Methanol Fuel Cell Vehicles and the Environment - courtesy of the Methanol Institute

MIT World's 57-minute movie - The Hydrogen Initiative: The Hydrogen Storage Challenge

NAIT Fuel Cell Applied Research Project's animated Interactive Fuel Cell Diagram and Fuel Cell Components Game

NREL's Wind-to-Hydrogen Project animation and video

Oregon Museum of Science and Industry's Fuel Cell Exhibit Animation

PBS-Nova's Clickable Fuel Cell Car and Fuel Cells video.

Plug Power's Fuel Cell Animation

ReliOn's animation How Does a ReliOn Fuel Cell Work?

Schatz Energy Research Center's animated PEM Fuel Cell

Scientific American's Hydrogen Hopes videos (three parts), with web links and teaching guide.

 

Policy

Roadmaps/Vision Plans

Australia - National Hydrogen Study - Commissioned on behalf of the Australian Government by the Department of Industry, Tourism and Resource, prepared by ACIL Tasman and Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2003.

Canada - Canadian Fuel Cell Commercialization Roadmap - Authored by the Government of Canada, Fuel Cells Canada and PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2003.

Canada - British Columbia Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Strategy - Report prepared for the Premier’s Technology Council by an industry committee, 2007.

Denmark - Hydrogen as the Energy Carrier of the Future - Authored by a government-appointed committee, 2004.

EU - Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells - A vision of our future - Developed by the European Commissions' Directorate-General for Research and Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, 2003.

Germany - National Development Plan Version 2.1 for the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme - Submitted by Strategierat and Wasserstoff Brennstoffzellen, April 2007.

India - National Hydrogen Energy Road Map - Ministry for Non-Conventional Energy Sources, 2005.

Norway - HyWays: The Norwegian Hydrogen Energy Vision - 2006.

UK - 2050 UK Hydrogen Vision - 2006.

UK - Sustainable Energy Technology Route Maps: Hydrogen

UK - UK Fuel Cell Development And Deployment Roadmap - Synnogy Ltd. and Fuel Cells UK, 2005.

UK - A Vision of the Hydrogen Economy in Wales: Placing Wales in a Position to Take Full Advantage of the Hydrogen Economy - Authored by H2 Wales (University of Glamorgan). The vision for a hydrogen economy in Wales was produced following consultation with over 100 key stakeholders in the future hydrogen economy in Wales, drawn from industry, government, non-government organizations and academia.

UK - Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Opportunities for Scotland: The Hydrogen Energy Group Report - This Forum for Renewable Energy Development in Scotland (FREDS) Hydrogen Energy Group (HEG) report details HEG's recommended actions to develop hydrogen and fuel cell capabilities in Scotland, 2006.

UK - London Hydrogen Action Plan - 2002.

USA - Hydrogen Posture Plan - An Integrated Research, Development and Demonstration Plan - U.S. Department of Energy, April 2004.

USA - National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap - U.S. Department of Energy, 2002.

USA - Roadmap on Manufacturing R&D for the Hydrogen Economy -U.S. Department of Energy, 2005.

USA - Hydrogen Delivery Technology Roadmap - FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, 2005.

USA - Hydrogen Storage Technologies Roadmap - FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership, 2005.

USA - California Hydrogen Blueprint Plan - California Environmental Protection Agency, 2005.

USA - Fuel Cell Economic Development Plan Hydrogen Roadmap - Submitted to the Connecticut Department of Economic & Community Development by the Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology, Inc.
and the Connecticut Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Coalition, 2007.

USA - Florida’s Accelerated Commercialization Strategy for Hydrogen Energy Technologies. Prepared by the Florida Hydrogen Business Partnership, a collaboration of leading companies and the Florida state government., 2005.

USA - Nurturing a Clean Energy Future in Hawaii: Assessing the Feasibility of the Large-Scale Utilization of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Hawaii. Prepared for the State of Hawaii, Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism by the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and SENTECH, Inc., 2000.

USA - Minnesota Renewable Hydrogen Initiative Roadmap - Authored by the Minnesota Renewable Hydrogen Initiative (MRHI), a partnership of industry, university, government, and non-government organizations.

USA - New Jersey: Opportunities and Options in the Hydrogen Economy -The report was prepared by The Center for Energy, Economic and Environmental Policy at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
Funding was provided by the Fund for New Jersey and the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. 2004.

USA - New York State Hydrogen Energy Roadmap - Prepared for the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, New York Power Authority and Long Island Power Authority by Energetics, Inc., Albany Nanotech and the National Hydrogen Association, 2005.

USA - Ohio's Fuel Cell Roadmap - Written by the Ohio Department of Development, Technology Division, 2004.

USA - South Carolina Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Economy Strategy - Prepared for South Carolina Next Energy Initiative by ICF Consulting, 2005.

USA - TxDOT Strategic Plan for Hydrogen Vehicles and Fueling Stations - August 2006.

Activities/Initiatives

Australia - International Partnership for a Hydrogen Economy (IPHE) Member Statement - Australia - January 2005.

Canada - IPHE Member Statement - Canada - PowerPoint presentation by the Government of Canada, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, January 2005.

China - Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Vehicle Development in China - PowerPoint presentation by Lun Jingguang, GEF-UNDP-China Cooperation Project. 2006.

China - The Current Status and Prospect of Hydrogen Economy in China. PowerPoint presentation by Dr. Kun Yuan, Tsinghua University, presented at the International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2006.

China - China's Activities Related to Hydrogen Development - PowerPoint presentation by Dinghuan Shi, China's Ministry of Science and Technology, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, January 2005.

China - IPHE Member Statement - China - May 2004.

EU - European Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology Platform, IMPLEMENTATION PLAN – Status 2006 - The programme comprises four Innovation and Development Actions (IDAs), detailing the priorities for Europe the technology which must be developed and acquired to foster hydrogen and fuel cell use in transport, stationary and portable applications by 2010-2015, and to achieve the “Snapshot 2020” targets of the HFP.

EU - IPHE Member Statement - European Commission - PowerPoint presentation at IPHE Implementation and Liaison Committee Meeting, Shanghai, China, January 2006.

EU - IPHE Member Statement - European Commission - PowerPoint presentation by the European Commission, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, 26-27 January, 2005.

EU - European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Projects - Report by the European Commission, 2004.

EU - EU Energy Policy & Initiatives on Hydrogen - Contribution of the Vice-President of the European Parliament, Alejo Vidal-Quadras, to the Conference "The Hydrogen Economy, A Bridge to Sustainable Energy", Brussels, Belgium, June 2003.

Germany - German Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Technology Update - PowerPoint presentation by Nilgün Parker, Germany's Federal Ministry of Transport, Building & Housing (BMVBW) at the IPHE Steering Committee, Kyoto, Japan, September 2005.

Iceland - The Icelandic Energy & Hydrogen Policy - Programs & Progress - PowerPoint presentation by Baldur Pétursson, Deputy-Director, Ministry of Industry and Commerce; Gunnar Pálsson, Ambassador and Ragnar Baldursson, Counsellor, Ministry for Foreign Affair, at the IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, January 2005.

Iceland - H2 in Iceland - Current Status and Future Aspects - PowerPoint presentation by Jón Björn Skúlason, General Manager, Icelandic New Energy, September 2006.

International - Hydrogen & Fuel Cells: Review of National R&D Programs - Report by the International Energy Agency documenting the various governmental research activities and policies for hydrogen and fuel cells, drawing information primarily from information contributed by IEA governments through the IEA Hydrogen Co-ordination Group. 2004.

Japan - Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies - Report published by NEDO, 2007.

Japan - Japan's Fuel Cell Industry - Report published in the JETRO Japan Economic Report, April-May 2006.

Japan - Japan's Approach to Commercialization of Fuel Cell/Hydrogen Technology - PowerPoint presentation to IPHE by Japan's Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Department, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. 2005.

Italy - H2 Programs and Activities in Italy - Country Report - PowerPoint presentation by Prof. Ezio Bussoletti, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, January 2005.

Japan - Fuel Cell Development in Japan; An Outline of Public & Private Sector Activities - Report by Ivan Meakin, Senior Scientific Officer, British Embassy (Japan). 2003.

Korea - Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Activity in Korea - PowerPoint presentation by Jong-Yeon Yoon, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE), IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France,January 2005.

Malaysia - Hydrogen Economy: Perspective from Malaysia - PowerPoint presentation by Prof. Wan Ramli Wan Daud of the National Fuel Cell Research Program Malaysia, presented at the International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2006.

New Zealand - New Zealand Hydrogen Energy Activities Update - January 2006 - PowerPoint presented at IPHE Implementation and Liaison Committee Meeting, Shanghai, China, January 2006.

New Zealand - Stock-take of Hydrogen Energy Activity in New Zealand - Report prepared by New Zealand's Ministry of Economic Development for IPHE. 2005.

North America - Hydrogen in North America - Laura Lonza (JRC-IPTS), Guillaume Leduc (JRC-IPTS), 2006. This report was made within PREMIA, a Specific Support Action in 6th Framework Program of the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of measures to support alternative motor fuels.

Norway - IPHE Member Statement - Norway - PowerPoint presentation by Oivind Leistad, Norway Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, January 2005.

Portugal - Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Portugal - PowerPoint presentation by Rei Fernandes, HY-CO Kickoff Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, December 2004.

Russia - IPHE Member Statement - Russia - PowerPoint presentation by S. Mazurenko of Russia's Federal Agency of Science and Innovations, IPHE Steering Committee Meeting, Paris, France, January 2005.

South Africa - South African Hydrogen Economy Activities - National Hydrogen Energy & Fuel Cell R&D Strategy Development - PowerPoint report by Dr. Mkhulu Mathe, Republic of South Africa's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research presented at the International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, Reykjavik, Iceland, September 2006.

Taiwan - Persepctive on a Hydrogen Economy in Taiwan - PowerPoint presentation by Ming-shan Jeng, Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2007.

UK - Wales and the Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Joint Technology Initiative - PowerPoint presentation by John Maddy, University of Glamorgan Hydrogen Research Unit at the European Commission Workshop, Torino, Italy, March 2006.

USA - A National Vision of America's Transition to a Hydrogen Economy — to 2030 and Beyond - published as a result of the Hydrogen Vision Meeting. This document summarizes the potential role for hydrogen systems in America's energy future, outlining the common vision of the hydrogen economy. U.S. Department of Energy, February 2002.

Climate Change

2007 Low Carbon Communities - Increasingly we are seeing the start of demand pull, as opposed to market push, being created in various applications and sectors that are working with or looking at fuel cells. This article looks at one demand pull in particular – that which is generated by low carbon communities. The reason why this particular group has been focused upon is that they form pure ground up pull, not coming from government or large companies, but from communities joining together to work in unison to create a better environment. Fuel Cell Today, September 2007.

Addressing Climate Change with Fuel Cell Technology - Ballard Power Systems and Plug Power have been evaluating the impact of hydrogen and fuel cell technology on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The results were independently verified by The Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies (CEERT). The analysis focused on fuel cell applications most likely to achieve near-term commercialization, specifically residential cogeneration, distributed generation, backup power systems, materials handling and public transit buses. Results show that global GHG reductions through the year 2025 from these applications could be in the range of 30,000 to 115,000 kilotonnes, depending on assumptions made regarding production of hydrogen.  Using the U.S. Climate Technology Cooperative Gateway Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, this level of GHG reduction equates to the removal of 6.7 to 25.2 million cars from the world’s roads.

Analysis of the impact of fuel cell vehicles on energy systems in the transportation sector in Japan - Toshihiko Nakata and Ryo Kinugasa, Tohoku University, 2003. This research examines the changes of energy systems in the transportation sector having fuel cell vehicles. The authors assume that the tax revenue which is gained by carbon tax is returned to the costs of FCVs as subsidies, which an effect of accelerating the introduction of FCVs. In particular, the subsidy for the cost of passenger transportation of FCVs has an impact on the passenger transportation market.

The Case for Rail Conversion to Hydrogen-Powered Fuel Cells in the Context of CO2 Emission Abatement - Alistair I. Miller, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River Laboratories, 1999.

Cleaning the Air and Improving Health with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles - M. Z. Jacobson, and W. G. Colella, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University; and D. M. Golden, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Science 24 June 2005. The authors found that converting all U.S. on-road vehicles to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could improve air quality, health, and climate significantly, whether the hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of natural gas, wind electrolysis, or coal gasification.

Greenhouse Gas Analysis for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles - Fuel Cell Seminar, November 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii. The energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) were analyzed for different production pathways for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and comparable gasoline fueled vehicles.

The Hydrogen Energy Economy: Its Long-Term Role in Greenhouse Gas Reduction - Tyndall Center for Climate Change Research, 2005. This report explores a set of alternative energy scenarios for the UK in 2050, with a particular focus on the possible role for hydrogen within each and development of the associated transition pathways.

Hydrogen Systems - The Canadian Hydrogen Association. This important paper identifies the Canadian opportunity for greenhouse gas reduction and economic growth through the deployment of hydrogen technologies and infrastructure. The 30-page document is the product of two workshops involving over 60 experts from government, academia and the hydrogen and energy industries. The paper presents a four-step action plan to help position Canada as a leader in the global shift to a sustainable, hydrogen-based economy.

Hydrogen Transitions in a Greenhouse-Gas-Constrained World - Alison Bailie, William Dougherty, Sivan Kartha, Michael Lazarus, Sudhir Chella, Benjamin Runkle. Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting 2007 Paper #07-3006. This study found that a large-scale switch to hydrogen produced by a clean energy system would lead to twice the environmental benefits compared to would be achieved in a hydrogen transition under a business-as-usual energy mentality. By 2050, when a “clean” transition to hydrogen would be nearly complete, greenhouse gas emissions would be roughly half of what they are today, compared to about a billion tons more, even with hydrogen produced from coal and natural gas.

Life-Cycle Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Hydrogen Fuel Production in the United States from LNG and Coal - U.S. DOE/NETL report, November 2005. Life-cycle emissions of GHG for production of hydrogen from LNG were developed using carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) methods and compared to emissions that do not employ carbon capture. When the technologies coal-mine methane mitigation methods and CCS are used, hydrogen can be produced from both LNG and coal at a fraction of the GHG burden of an energy-equivalent amount of petroleum-derived gasoline.

Marketable Emission Permits and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Greenhouse Gas Reduction - PowerPoint presentation by Jonathan Hughes, Graduate Student Researcher, Hydrogen Pathways Program, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC-Davis. Presented at the 16th Global Warming International Conference, New York, NY, April 2005.

Smelling Land: The Hydrogen Defense Against Climate Catastrophe - by David Scott, 2007. Smelling Land is about hydrogen systems and technologies, the essential component of any strategy that can give us a chance to escape climate catastrophe. The book explains how energy systems really work, the phenomena that drive climate change – and why any practical, comprehensive defense against climate catastrophe must have hydrogen at its core.

Switching to a U.S. hydrogen fuel cell vehicle fleet: The resultant change in emissions, energy use, and greenhouse gases - W.G. Colella and M.Z. Jacobson, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University; and D.M. Golden, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University. Journal of Power Sources, 2005. The study examines the potential change in primary emissions and energy use from replacing the current U.S. fleet of fossil-fuel on-road vehicles with hybrid electric fossil fuel vehicles or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

Developing Countries

China's leap into hydrogen fuel cell vehicles - Hydrogen Fuel Cells Monitor, January 2007.

Egypt’s Policies and Measures for Sustainable Transport - Prof. Ibrahim Abdel Gelil, Director, Environmental Management Programme at the Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain. Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Alternatives in the Transport and Energy Sectors: Issues for Developing Countries, UNU-MERIT, May 2007.

Fuel Cell Technology in Africa:  A Catalyst to Avoid Emission of Greenhouse Gases - Jo Asamoah, EnerWise Africa.

Fuel Cells Showcased in South Africa - Intelligent Energy and Afrox combine to demonstrate hydrogen fuel cell technology.

The Hydrogen Economy in India: A long haul? - Hydrogen Fuel Cells Monitor, April 2007.

The Hydrogen Energy Market in Developing Countries: The Role of UNIDO-ICHET - Dr. N. Lymberopoulos, Director, Projects and Programs, UNIDO-ICHET. 15th Session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development, May 2007.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Development in China - LUN Jingguang, Project Coordinator, GEF-UNDP-China Cooperation Project. May 2006.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Alternatives in the Energy and Transport Sectors Issues for Developing Countries - Lynn K. Mytelka, UNU-MERIT. 15th Session of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development, May 2007.

Hydrogen fuelling sustainability of energy systems, regional integration and development: the Sahara Wind Project - Khalid Benhamou, Sahara Wind Inc.. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Assessment of Hydrogen Energy for Sustainable Development: Energy & Environmental Security, August 2006.

IFC's Program for Commercializing Fuel Cells in Developing Countries - Alan Miller, International Finance Corporation, SECA Conference, April 2005.

New Wave Technologies: Their Emergence, Diffusion and Impact; The Case of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology and the Developing World - Prof. Lynn K. Mytelka, United Nations University, July 2003.

Perspectives for a Hydrogen Economy and UNIDO-ICHET Projects - John Sheffield, Deputy Director, International Center of Hydrogen Economy and Technology, United Nations Industrial Development Organization. International Seminar on the Hydrogen Economy for Sustainable Development, September 2006.

Renewable Resources to Hydrogen: Appropriated Technologies for Developing Countries - in the book, Renewable Energies for Central Asia Countries: Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts. NATO Science Series, Volume 59, 2005.

South Africa Adopts Hydrogen R&D Strategy - Hydrogen Fuel Cells Monitor, June 2007.

UNU-MERIT Hydrogen Fuel Cell Exchange website - This website grew out of a research project at UNU-INTECH (now UNU-MERIT) on 'new wave technologies' and exclusion of developing countries. The purpose of the project was to raise awareness of emergent hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and to enhance long-term transport and energy decision-making in developing countries by benchmarking hydrogen fuel cell activities in the transport sector around the world.

General Policy

2007 Legislation Quarterly Review, Q2 - This is the first of a series of quarterly reviews of policy and legislation on hydrogen and fuel cells organised by region. Focusing on the main markets for fuel cells, including North America, Japan, and Europe, the Review will analyse developments by local and US State governments (such as the State of California), national governments, (such as Japan) and groupings of nation-states (such as the European Union). In addition, a range of other countries will be analysed as they develop policy and legislation relevant to fuel cells. Fuel Cell Today, September 2007.

An Effective Regulatory Regime For Transportation of Hydrogen - Gunnar Birgisson, Esq. and William Lavarco, Esq., Bracewell & Patterson, L.L.P., 2004. This report proposes a federal regulatory framework that would benefit interstate hydrogen pipelines.

Case Study on the Role of Fiscal Policy in Hydrogen Development - Pembina Institute and the Canadian Energy Research Institute, 2004. Detailed look at the emerging hydrogen economy with respect to its expected path of development, as well as the ability of ecological fiscal reform at the federal level to enhance this development.

Energy Security as a Rationale for Governmental Action: the Hydrogen Case - Clinton J. Andrews. Discusses the implications of energy security in the current policy debate over the “hydrogen economy.”

Fuel Cell System Economics: Comparing the Costs of Generating Power with Stationary and Motor Vehicle PEM Fuel Cell Systems - Timothy Lipman, University of California, Berkeley, with Jennifer L. Edwards and Daniel M. Kammen, April 2004. This report examines the economics of producing electricity from PEM fuel cell systems under various conditions, including the possibility of using fuel cell vehicles to produce power when parked at office buildings and residences.

The Hydrogen Economy: A Non-Technical Review - United Nations Environment Program, 2006. The report examines how the hydrogen economy would work, what it might mean for the environment, cost and technical challenges, potential barriers, and the need for government support. It also gives long-term projections of hydrogen use and considers the relevance of hydrogen for developing economies and what it could mean for national policy-making, as well as the role of international and non-governmental organisations.

The Hydrogen Policy Survey: Descriptive Statistics of the Study Sample and Their Policy Perspectives - Gustavo Collantes, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 2005. Analysis of results of an electronic survey to collect hydrogen policy beliefs from a wide range of stakeholders.

Innovative hydrogen/fuel cell electric vehicle infrastructure based on renewable energy sources - A. von Jouanne, I. Husain, A. Wallace, A.Yokochi, Industry Applications Conference, 2003. 38th IAS Annual Meeting. Discusses development issues for fuel cell electric vehicle infrastructure and bi-directional grid connection, derived from renewable and clean energy sources.

Institutional Factors Affecting Commercialization of Fuel Cells - U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research, 2000. The report examines institutional and policy issues that provide barriers or opportunities for the commercialization of distributed generation and fuel cells in buildings.

Market Prospects And Attendant Intervention Strategies to Accelerate the Deployment of Fuel Cells in Distributed Power Generation for Developing Countries - Prepared for International Finance Corporation of the World Bank Group. Prepared by Spencer Management Associates and A D Little, Winrock International, Breakthrough Technologies Institute, World Fuel Cell Council, Dr. Donald Hertzmark, Energy Efficiency Finance Corporation, Imperial College, E4tech. October 2001.

Public Policies to Accelerate the Adoption of Fuel Cells - J. Gover, Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Technology Conference, 2003. Ten public policies that could accelerate the adoption of fuel cells in transportation applications.

Stakeholders' Perspectives on Hydrogen Policy: A Factor Analysis - Gustavo Collantes, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis, 2005. Factor analysis of a survey of sstakeholders’ perspectives on a wide variety of issues related to hydrogen policy.

State Policy for Hydrogen - Matthew Brown, National Conference of State Legislature. Discusses policy areas in which state-level hydrogen policy is directed.

Transition to Hydrogen Fuel: Identifying Key Policy Challenges - Shuan Sadreghazi, MSc Students of Management and Economics of Innovation, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. Presented at the WSCSD Annual Meeting, October 2005.

Where will the Energy for Hydrogen Production come from? Status and Alternatives - European Hydrogen Association, 2007.

Codes & Standards

Assessment of Code Officials' Needs in Tri-Cities, Washington, to Accelerate Permitting Process for Fuel Cells in Buildings - Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy by T.C.C. Hillman, A.P. Melendez, J.J. McCullough, and A.M. Borbely-Bartis. Available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, (800) 533-6847 or orders@ntis.fedworld.gov. April 2001.

Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Permitting Guide - Developed through a collaborative effort involving the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the International Code Council (ICC), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Sections include Regulators' Guide to Permitting Hydrogen Technologies, Permitting Stationary Fuel Cell Installations and Permitting Hydrogen Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities. 2004.

Hydrogen Codes, Standards and Safety - presentation by Neil P. Rossmeissl, U.S. Department of Energy
Hydrogen Program. Updated 2004.

Hydrogen Codes and Standards - James Ohi, National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Hydrogen Codes and Standards Technical Report - Prepared by the Partnership for Advancing the Transition to Hydrogen (PATH), March 2003. The report was created to give a picture of what codes and standards exist and how they may be applied to fuel cell and hydrogen projects in Canada, Japan and the United States at the end of 2002. It also provides a description of the code processes in each country and a brief identification of the gaps in codes and standards coverage for hydrogen and fuel cell applications.

The Hydrogen Codes and Standards Portal - The Hydrogen Codes and Standards Portal is designed to allow easy access to codes, standards and regulations relating to hydrogen used as fuel. Sponsored by U.S. DoE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and American national Standards Institute (ANSI).

The Newest Codes and Standards for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells - PowerPoint presentation by Patrick Serfass, National Hydrogen Association, November 2006.

Safety Standards for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Mission Assurance, NSS 1740.16, Washington, DC, February 1997. For a copy of the document, contact NASA Headquarters, Director, Safety and Risk Management Division, Office of the Associate for Safety and Mission Assurance, Washington, DC 20546. (202) 358-2406

Workshop on Facilitating Permitting of Hydrogen Fueling Stations - Proceedings from the February 2007 NHA Safety Workshop sponsored by U.S. DoE and NREL.

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Stationary Applications

Residential

A low-cost fuel-cell (FC) power electronic system (PES) for residential loads - R.K. Burra, R. Huang, S.K. Mazumder, Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2004. The report describes a low-cost power-electronics system for a SOFC power system.

An emerging market in fuel cells? Residential combined heat and power in four countries - James M. Brown, Chris N. Hendry, Paul Harborne, Case Business School. Energy Policy, Volume 35, Issue 4, April 2007.

Assessment of the Implementation Issues for Fuel Cells in Domestic and Small Scale Stationary Power Generation and CHP Applications - This paper presents a view of the implementation issues associated with the application of fuel cells for domestic and small-scale power generation and combined heat and power ("CHP") operations. 2003.

Evaluation of the Field Performance of Residential Fuel Cells - NREL report by E. Torrero, Cooperative Research Network, National Rural Electric Cooperative Association and R. McClelland, Energy Signature Associates Inc., 2004.

Field Testing Residential Fuel Cell Systems - Abstract from presentation at the 2000 Fuel Cell Seminar - D. J. Edlund, W. A. Pledger, and A. Dickman, IdaTech, LLC.

Fuel cells: providing heat and power in the urban environment - Tyndall Centre Technical Report No. 32, August 2005.

Fuel Cells: Residential Applications - USFCC fact sheet.

Future economics of the fuel cell housing market - G. Erdmann, Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Research Centre, Technical University of Berlin. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, July 2003, Vol. 28, No. 7.

Home Fuel Cell Systems Reduced Energy Use by 15.3% in One-Year Test - May 2007 news article by Green Car Congress.

Low cost fuel cell inverter system for residential power generation - J. Wang, F.Z. Peng, J. Anderson, A. Joseph, R. Buffenbarger, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. The proposed fuel cell inverter system is less costly than existing systems,has a lower component count, smaller size, and reduced DC-DC converter peak current. Simulation and experimental results are demonstrated.

Operating results and simulations on a fuel cell for residential energy systems - HAMADA Yasuhiro, GOTO Ryuichiro, NAKAMURA Makoto, KUBOTA Hideki, OCHIFUJI Kiyoshi, Hokkaido University, Heat-SET 2005 Heat Transfer in Components and Systems for Sustainable Energy Technologies Conference No1, 2005. The report describes the performance evaluation of a PEM prototype and demonstration experiments of the electric power and domestic hot water system

Parameters Affecting the Performance of a Residential-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell System - Mark W. Davis, A. Hunter Fanney, Michael J. LaBarre, Kenneth R. Henderson, Brian P. Dougherty, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Researchers at the NIST have measured the performance of a residential fuel cell system when subjected to various environmental and load conditions.

Performance assessment of fuel cell micro-cogeneration systems for residential buildings - V. Dorer, R. Weber, A. Weber, wiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa), Energy and Buildings, Vol. 37, No. 11, 2005. Reports on a methodology for assessing performance of residential fuel cell micro-cogeneration systems in terms of primary energy demand and CO2 emissions. The authors use transient computer simulations to evaluate a natural gas-fueled SOFC and a PEM home fuel cell cogeneration system. The systems were evaluated for different grid electricity generation mix types and compared to traditional gas boiler systems.

Proposed Test Methodology and Performance Rating Standard for Residential Fuel Cell Systems - National Institute of Standards and Technology report proposes specific test methods and calculation procedures for different types of residential fuel cell systems, including: grid independent, electrical load following; grid interconnected, constant power; grid interconnected, thermal load following; and grid interconnected, water heating. Test procedures are described that yield simplified models for the performance of each system based
on appropriate load characteristics and ambient conditions.

Residential Cogeneration Systems: A Review of The Current Technologies - A Report of Subtask A of
FC+COGEN-SIM The Simulation of Building-Integrated Fuel Cell and Other Cogeneration Systems, Annex 42 of the International Energy Agency, Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme. First published: April 2005.

Residential Fuel Cell Demonstration Handbook - Torrero, E.; McClelland, R. (2002). National Rural Electric Cooperative Association Cooperative Research Network. 88 pp.; NREL Report No. SR-560-32455.

Residential Fuel Cells: Hope or Hype? - Home Power Magazine, August/September 1999.

Study of a Small-Scale Fuel Cell Cogeneration System with Methanol Steam Reforming Considering Partial Load and Load Fluctuation - S. Obara, Tomakomai National College of Technology; K. Kudo, Hokkaido University, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Volume 127, Issue 4, December 2005.. Performance analysis and cost estimation of a cogeneration system consisting of a solid high-polymer-film-type fuel cell with a methanol reformer applied to individual houses.

Buildings

A solid oxide fuel cell system for buildings - Florian Zink, Laura Schaefer, University of Pittsburgh; Yixin Lu, NanoDynamics, Inc,. in Energy Conversion and Management, 2007. This paper examines an integrated SOFC absorption heating and cooling system used for buildings.

Fuel Cells for Building Applications - Published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). To order, contact ASHRAE Customer Service at 1-800-527-4723 (United States and Canada) or 404-636-8400 (worldwide), fax 404-321-5478, by mail at 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, or visit the ASHRAE Online Bookstore at http://www.ashrae.org.

Fuel Cells for Buildings Program - W. Swift, R. Fiskum, Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001. Describes how the U.S. DOE Office of Power Technologies is supporting the development of PEMs specifically for distributed power and building applications.

Hydrogen-Powered Buildings - Lynne Kiesling, Reason Foundation.

Large stationary fuel cell systems : Status and dynamic requirements - Manfred Bischoff, MTU CFC Solutions GmbH, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 154, No. 2, 2006.   The paper presents an overview of commercialization efforts for MCFC technology.

PEM Fuel Cells for Commercial Buildings - report prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs. Document Number PNNL - 12051. Primary author, D.R. Brown. November 1998.

Distributed Generation

Assessment of Hydrogen-Fueled Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells for Distributed Generation and Cogeneration - Thomas G. Kreutz, Joan M. Ogden, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.

Distributed fuel cell generation in restructured power systems - S.S. Williamson, A. Emadi, M. Shahidehpour, Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2004.

Distributed Generation: A Powerful Approach to the Future - Department of Energy newsletter Science and Technology Highlights features this article.

Distributed Energy - explains the Distributed Energy Program of the Office of Electricity Delievery & Energy Reliability, its activities, and provides information and news about barriers to distributed power, policies and regulations, technical interconnection issues and upcoming events.

Fuel cells for Distributed Power: Benefits, Barriers and Perspectives - Dr. Martin Pehnt and Dr. Stephan Ramesohl. Commissioned by WWF, in co-operation with Fuel Cell Europe.

Modeling Distributed Electricity Generation in the NEMS Buildings Models - Report by E. Boedecker, J. Cymbalsky, and S. Wade, of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. September 2000, 11 pages.

PEM Fuel Cells for Distributed Generation - Stephen Lasher; Robert Zogg, P.E.; Eric Carlson; Patrick Couch; Matthew Hooks; Kurt Roth, Ph.D.; and James Brodrick, Ph.D., ASHRAE Journal Vol. 48, November 2006.

Using Phosphoric-Acid Fuel Cells For Distributed Generation - Eric Carlson; Robert Zogg, P.E.; Suresh Sriramulu, Ph.D.; Kurt Roth, Ph.D.; and James Brodrick, Ph.D., ASHRAE Journal Vol. 49, Jan. 2006.

Using Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells For Distributed Generation - Robert Zogg, P.E.; Suresh Sriramulu, Ph.D.; Eric Carlson; Kurt Roth, Ph.D and James Brodrick, Ph.D, ASHRAE Journal, December 2006.

Other/General

A Guide to Developing Green Builder Programs - Published by the National Association of Home Builders for the U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Office of Policy Development. Includes information on residential fuel cells.

Are Stationary Fuel Cells Ready for Market? - Daniel Bullock, Atul Kumar, Karl Rábago, Houston Advanced Research Center. Fuel Cell Magazine, Dec. 2004 - Jan. 2005.

Challenges and Opportunities for Fuel Cells in Stationary Power Generation - Suresh Sriramulu, Jason Targoff, Stephen Lasher, Eric Carlson, Robert Zogg; TIAX, LLC. The authors examine the end-user economics of fuel cell systems for stationary applications using planar, 5-kW anode-supported SOFC technology as an example, and discuss the important cost elements that determine the cost of electricity from fuel cell power systems including factory, material, installation, and operating and maintenance (O&M) costs.

DoD Fuel Cell - ERDC/CERL Projects - U.S. Department of Defense Fuel Cell Program. Provides details on its projects (PAFC Demonstration, Residential Demonstration and Climate Change Rebate Projects), with information and evaluations of each fuel cell installation..

Electricity Technology Roadmap Initiative - A guide developed by the Electric Power Research Institute to explore the broad range of benefits for society that can be realized by a strong and continuing commitment to scientific and technological innovation.

Fuel Cells Drive Other Applications Besides Cars - Jennifer Gangi, Fuel Cells 2000. Appeared in Earthtoys emagazine.

Fuel Cell Strategies for Regime Change in Stationary Power - Chris Hendry, James Brown and Paul Harborne, Cass Business School, City University. Presented at the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology (EASST), August 2006.

NFPA 853: Standard for the Installation of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems - National Fire Protection Association guidelines for the design, construction, and installation of stationary fuel cell power plants of all sizes. Includes information on general equipment configuration, siting and interconnections, fuel supplies and storage arrangements, ventilation and exhaust, fire protection and fuel cell power systems 50 kW or less.

Operating stationary fuel cells on power system and microgrids - D. Audring, G. Balzer, Power Tech Conference Proceedings, 2003. The impact on protection scheme of power systems and microgrids are described. Remedial measures are proposed to ensure safety and selectivity.

Technology Commercialization Opportunity: Advanced Fuel Cell Systems - Information on utilizing fossil fuels for energy in new ways. Links and information to the Department of Energy also.

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Transportation Applications

General Transportation

A strategy for introducing hydrogen into transportation - Alexander E. Farrell, University of California, Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon University; David W. Keith, Carnegie Mellon University;James J. Corbett, University of Delaware. Energy Policy, Volume 31, Issue 13, October 2003.

Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and the Potential Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure Requirements - prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, March 2008.

Clean Hydrogen Transportation: A Market Opportunity for Renewable Energy - By Cannon, James S., Renewable Energy Policy Project Issue Brief No. 7, April 1997.

Comparison of Transportation Options in a Carbon-Constrained World: Hydrogen, Plug-in Hybrids and Biofuels - C. E. (Sandy) Thomas, Ph.D. March 2008.

Cost Analysis of Fuel Cell System for Transportation: Baseline System Cost Estimate - Report to the U.S. Department of Energy by Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Ref #49739, SFAA No. DE-SCO2-98EE50526, 64pp., March 2000.

Driving Fuel Cell Vehicles - How Established Industries React to Radical Technologies- PhD Thesis by Robert van den Hoed, May 17, 2004.

Fuel Cells for Transportation - The U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cells for Transportation program.

Fuel Cell Systems Development for Automobiles and Commercial Vehicles - paper presented by International Fuel Cells.

Fuel Cell Vehicle World Survey 2003 - PDF by Fuel Cells 2000.

Fuel Options for the Fuel Cell Vehicle: Hydrogen, Methanol or Gasoline? - report presented at the Fuel Cell Reformer Conference by Directed Technologies, Inc., 3601 Wilson Blvd., Suite 650, Arlington, Virginia 22201.

Fuel Savings and Emissions Reductions from Light Duty Fuel Cell Vehicles - Report by Jason Mark, Jim Ohi, and David Hudson, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, April 1994. NREL Document #TP-463-6157, Contract #DE-AC02-83CH10093, Task #AS165440.

Future Wheels: A Survey of Expert Opinion on the Future of Transportation Fuel Cells and Fuel Cell Infrastructure - A report released by the Northeast Advanced Vehicle Consortium (NAVC) whose goal was to ask a number of global experts to see if there was consensus or disagreements on major issues related to the advancement of fuel cell technologies within the transportation sector especially in regards to infrastructure issues. The 59 page report is available in pdf format. Published September, 2003.

Gearing Up For Hydrogen: America's Road to Sustainable Transportation - A report on hydrogen fueled vehicles by INFORM, Inc., an environmental research organization.

Hydrogen Pathways Research Program - Publications and presentations from the UC Davis, Institute of Transportation Studies Hydrogen Pathways Program program, which is focused on understanding the potential transition to a hydrogen-based transportation system. The research is segmented into four tracks that investigate different aspects of hydrogen infrastructure: Market and Demand, Infrastructure Modeling, Policy and Business Strategy, and Environmental Analysis.

It's Your Environment - Interview with Bob Rose, Executive Director, Breakthrough Technologies Institute, regarding advanced technology vehicles (Streaming Media, requires Windows Media Player plug-in).

Learning Demonstration Interim Report - The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has published an Interim Progress Report summarizing results from the first two years of the Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project. The project is designed to monitor fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen fueling infrastructure performance in demonstration fleets throughout the U.S. The 5-year project will assess technology readiness and provide data on the status of hydrogen research and development. The industry teams consist of automotive and energy company pairs, including Chevron/Hyundai-Kia, DaimlerChrysler/BP, Ford/BP, and GM/Shell. July 2007.

Life cycle assessment of hydrogen fuel cell and gasoline vehicles - Mikhail Granovskii, Ibrahim Dincer, Marc A. Rosen, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006, Vol. 31, No 3. Evaluates and compares efficiencies and environmental impacts of fuel cell and gasoline-powered vehicles.

Merit Review and Peer Evaluation, Fiscal Year 2000: DOE National Laboratory Fuel Cells for Transportation Program - Compilation of papers & abstracts from annual review of DOE National Laboratory Fuel Cells for Transportation Program. Richland, Washington, 7-8 June 2000.

PEM Fuel Cells for Transportation and Stationary Power Generation Applications - S.J. Cleghorn, X. Ren, T.E. Springer, M.S. Wilson, C. Zawodzinski, T.A. Zawodzinski, Jr., S. Gottesfeld, Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States), 1996 .

Powering the Future: The Ballard Fuel Cell and the Race to Change the World - Tom Koppel, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.

Status and Prospects of Fuel Cells as Automobile Engines - A report by the Fuel Cell Advisory Panel for the California Air Resources Board, 22 July 1998.

Cars

Advanced Military Vehicles Keep Rolling Along - Diesel Progress North American Edition, June 2005.

Analysis of the Transition to Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles and the Potential Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure Requirements - prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, March 2008.

California Fuel Cell Partnership - This web site provides information about the progress that CaFCP’s automotive, energy, fuel cell technology, government and associate members are making to bring this important transportation choice to market. Includes a map with locations of California's hydrogen stations and demonstration vehicles.

Comparison of Transportation Options in a Carbon-Constrained World: Hydrogen, Plug-in Hybrids and Biofuels - C. E. (Sandy) Thomas, Ph.D. March 2008.

Cost Analysis of Fuel Cell System for Transportation - This report by TIAX, Inc. summarizes the results of a U.S. Department of Energy funded assessment of the cost of a 50 kW fuel cell system for transportation including a multi- fuel capable reformer, a PEM fuel cell, and balance- of- plant components. October 2004.

Course Manual on Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engines and Related Technologies - Produced by College of the Desert and SunLine Transit Agency with funding from the U.S. Federal Transit Administration, this course manual features technical information on the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel. It covers hydrogen properties, use, and safety as well as fuel cell technologies, systems, engine design, safety, and maintenance. It also presents the different types of fuel cells and hybrid electric vehicles.

Driving Fuel Cell Vehicles - How Established Industries React to Radical Technologies - PhD Thesis by Robert van den Hoed, May 17, 2004.

Forward Drive: The Race to Build Clean Cars for the Future - Jim Montavalli, Sierra Club Books, 272 pages, March 2000.

FreedomCAR and Fuel Cells: Toward the Hydrogen Economy? - Daniel Sperling, January 22, 2003.

Fuel Cell Power for Mobility - free transportation brochure download from the U.S. Fuel Cell Council.

Fuel Cells in Transportation: Technology to Transform Our Future? - information brochure on fuel cells in transportation. Contains map of U.S. developers and pictures of fuel cell cars, buses and specialty vehicles. Fuel Cells 2000.

Fuel Cell Vehicles: Race to a New Automotive Future - report from the Commerce Department's Office of Technology Policy, provides an excellent snapshot of where the technology is today and projections for a hydrogen future.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Special Operations Vehicles for the Army - IAGS, October 30, 2003.

Hypercar Main Page - Hypercar Center at the Rocky Mountain Institute.

Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Demonstration Project - Organized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, it involves a wide range of activities related to the use of fuel cell vehicles.

Military Drives Toward Vehicular Fuel Cells - COTS Journal, May 2003.

Plug-in fuel cell hybrids as transition technology to hydrogen infrastructure - G.J. Suppes, S. Lopes, C.W. Chiu, University of Missouri, 2004.

Total Life Cycle Assessment of a PEM fuel cell car - Bent Sorensen, Roskilde University, 2004.

Buses/Trucks

AC Transit's Hydrogen Fuel Cell Project: Will Hydrogen Replace Diesel Fuel? - Larry Plachno,  National Bus Trader, September 2005

A first report on the attitude towards hydrogen fuel cell buses in Stockholm - K. Haraldsson, A. Folkesson, M. Saxe, P. Alvors, Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006, vol. 31, no 3. Report on the result of surveys performed in Stockholm during Autumn 2004 exploring the attitude towards hydrogen fuel cell buses among passengers and bus drivers.

An Evaluation of the Economics of Fuel Cells in Urban Buses - Abstract from an analysis by the Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College, London.

Army fuel cell truck completes cross-country test trip - Military & Aerospace Electronics, June 10, 2005.

Diesel Buses, Oil Prices and Premature Deaths From Particulate Matter: Understanding the Connections, Exploring Solutions - Summary of a meeting hosted by The Environmental and Energy Study Institute, which discussed the complex issues surrounding diesel buses and alternative fuel buses. March 2000, Washington, D.C.

Fuel Cell Bus Club - website of participants in European fuel cell bus projects who are introducing fuel cell transit buses to their fleets and establishing a hydrogen refueling infrastructure in their cities.

Georgetown University Fuel Cell Transit Bus Program - Maintaining the Liquid-fueled Option - Samuel Romano, James T. Larkins, Georgetown University, November 2003.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Evaluation for California Transit Agencies - DOE's Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies Program webpage providing links to hydrogen fuel cell bus studies and reports.

Review of the University of Florida Fuel Cell Bus Research, Demonstration and Education Program - Daniel Betts, Timothy Simmons, Paul Erickson, and Vernon Roan, University of Florida Fuel Cell Research and Training Laboratory, University of Florida.

Specialty Vehicles

Application of Fuel Cells to Fork Lift Trucks - article from the September/October 2005 issue of Industrial • Utility Vehicle Magazine.

A Viable Niche Market--Fuel Cell Scooters in Taiwan - Dr. Chunto Tso, Director and Shih-Yun Chang, Assistant Research Fellow, Research Division I, Taiwan Institute of Economic Research (TIER).

The Development of Fuel Cell Scooters in Taiwan - Dr. Chunto Tso, Director and Shih-Yun Chang, Assistant Research Fellow, Research Division I, Taiwan Institute of Economic Research (TIER), 2003.

DOE Funded Vehicle Proving that Hydrogen Fuel Cells are "Safe, Practical, and Ready" - Discusses the world's first fuel cell-powered ice resurfacer, the eP-ICEBEAR.

Early Markets: Fuel Cells for Material Handling Equipment - Department of Energy Hydrogen Program fact sheet.

ENV Fuel Cell Motorbike: Tip of the Non-ICE Berg - article by Bill Moore in EV World, April 2, 2005.

Forklifts Hoist Fuel Cells To Commercial Status - article by Melissa McKinnon, Mobility Product Manager,
Hydrogenics Corp. in Fuel Cell Magazine, Oct/Nov 2005.

Fuel Cell Bike - Featured as one of Time Magazine's 2001 Inventions of the Year.

Fuel Cell Powered Segway™ - Article by staff of the Department of Defense's Fuel Cell Test & Evaluation Center.

Fuel Cell Scooter – green option for urban mobility - Details of the European Commission's FRESCO project, which has a goal of proving the viability of the clean fuel cell propulsion for small vehicles by developing a dedicated system and by integrating it in a modern mass-production type scooter.

The Fuel Cell Wheelchair - November 2006 article in GizMag about Suzuki's fuel cell wheelchair prototype.

Fuel Cells Do Some Heavy Lifting - Jennifer Gangi, Fuel Cells 2000, Earthtoys Emagazine, June 2007.

Hyd-Ride: the Cargobike fuel-cell tricycle - Short article on Cargobike, the three-wheeled electric bicycle that is powered by a 250-watt fuel cell

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Scooters for Urban Asia - Masters thesis by Bruce Lin for the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies and the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University. September 1999, updated September 2005.

Marine

Electric boat features hydrogen fuel cell - Article in PC Control, January 2005. Reports on the Hydroxy3000 catamaran using a fuel cell as the main source of energy.

Fuel cell submarines offer underwater stealth - November 2004 article in GizMag.

Fuel Cells Weigh Anchor - Article by David Snow in Wired Magazine, April 22, 2004, about a Hydrogenics fuel cell-powered 42-foot Catalina demonstration yacht.

Hybrids on the High Seas: Fuel Cells for Future Ships - Ed Walsh, Office of Naval Research Public Affairs, 2004.

Life Cycle Analysis results of fuel cell ships - Study carried out in the framework of the project
FCSHIP – Fuel Cell Technology in Ships. July 2004.

Marine applications of fuel cells - R. Lawton, J.F. Bash, S.M. Barnett, Oceans apos; 02 MTS/IEEE, Volume 3, Issue , 29-31 Oct. 2002. The project objective is to determine the feasibility of placing a fuel cell on a medium size ocean going research vessel.

Marine Applications of Fuel Cells - Report authored by A. Kami, P. Fontneau, John J. McMullen Assoc., Inc.; S. Allen, R. Sedat, U.S. Coast Guard R&D Center; H. Ghezel-Ayagh, S. Abens, R. Sanderson, G. Steinfeld, FuelCell Energy; S. Lucas, Pennsylvania State University. Reports on the U.S. Navy's MCFC demonstration aboard the USCGS Vindicator, a TAGOS-1 Class ship.

Marine application of fuel cells - Describes the project, “Fuel Cell technology for SHIPs" (FCSHIP), which aims to enable EU fuel cell technology providers to be more competitive in the prospective market for maritime applications, enable EU ship owners to utilize this new technology and have the competitive advantage, and assist the EU in meeting sustainable development, energy saving and air pollution reduction objectives.

PEM Fuel Cell Systems – An attractive energy source for submarines - Peter Hauschildt and Albert Hammerschmidt, Published in „Naval Forces“, Mönch Publishing Group, Bonn, Germany, edition No. 5, October 2003.

Powering Light Boats - Paper by J.F. Affolter of Ecole d'ingenieurs du canton de Vaud, Centre d'Energie et Systemes Electriques, presented at the "Workshop on Application Potential of Low-Temperature Fuel Cells", 21 June 1999.

Safe Harbor: Protecting Ports with Shipboard Fuel Cells - Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 114, Number 4, April 2006.

Aviation

A Fuel Cell Propulsion System for a for a Mini-UAV - P. Hendrick, D. Muzzalupo, D. Verstraete, Royal Military Academy, Brussels. This conference paper focuses on a reconfiguration of the Dragon Eye mini unmanned air vehicle (UAV) produced by the U.S. Navy in 2001.

Boeing Prepares Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane for Ground and Flight Testing - Boeing researchers and industry partners throughout Europe plan to conduct experimental flight tests in 2007of a manned airplane powered only by a fuel cell and lightweight batteries.

Development of a Fuel Cell Powered UAV for Environmental Research - Christopher Herwerth, Uche Ofoma, Dr. Chivey Wu, Shigeru Matsuyama, Samira Clark, California State University, Los Angeles, 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, January 2006. This paper details the development of a fuel cell powered unmanned aerial vehicle. The design and construction of the UAV is presented along with results of aerodynamic and structural analyses.

Flying on Hydrogen: Georgia Tech Researchers Use Fuel Cells to Power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - August 2006 article about Georgia Tech's PEM-powered unmanned aircraft.

Fuel-cell powered aircraft - August 2006 article in What's Next in Science & Technology.

Fuel-cell powered airplane propulsion - H. Oman, Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE
Volume 19, Issue 1, Jan 2004.

Fuel-Cell-Powered Electric Motor Drive Analyzed for a Large Airplane - NASA Glenn Research Center report.

Fuel-Cell Powered Helios Prototype UAV - Paper on the the Helios Prototype, built by AeroVironment, Inc., which is part of NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. The UAV used solar panels to power its 10 electric motors for takeoff and during daylight portions of its planned 20-hour shakedown flight and switched to a fuel cell system to continue flight into the night.

GAES project: Potential Benefits of Fuel Cell Usage in the Aviation Context - Prepared for EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre. April 2006. Study to to assess the potential environmental benefits of fuel cell usage in aviation.

Performance of a Fuel-Cell-Powered, Small Electric Airplane Assessed - NASA Glenn Research Center report.

Test Results for a Fuel Cell-Powered Demonstration Aircraft - Thomas H. Bradley, Georgia Institute of Technology; Blake A. Moffitt, Reid W. Thomas, Dimitri Mavris, Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory; David E. Parekh, Georgia Tech Research Institute, 2006. Evaluation of Georgia Tech fuel cell-powered
unmanned aerial vehicle performance.

Rail

Advanced Underground Vehicle Power and Control Fuel Cell Mine Locomotive - Paper by Arnold R. Miller, David L. Barnes, Vehicle Projects LLC, presented at Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review.

All Aboard the Hydrogen Train - Charlotte Observer article, May 12, 2006.

A Study of the Feasibility of Utilizing Fuel Cells to Generate Power for the New Haven Rail Line - August 2007 report by the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering for the Connecticut Department of Transportation.

Defense Fuel Cell Locomotive - Fuel Cell Propulsion Institute's 120-ton, 1 MW Army fuel cell locomotive.

Fuel Cell Hybrid Switcher Locomotive - PowerPoint presentation by Vehicle Projects, LLC describing the switcher locomotive demonstration project..

Fuel Cell Locomotives - Arnold R. Miller, Fuelcell Propulsion Institute; David L. Barnes, Vehicle Projects LLC. Presented at Fuel Cell 2002,” European Fuel Cell Forum, July 2002.

The Hydrogen Train - Plans for Europe's first hydrogen train.

Third International Hydrail Conference - Links to presentations on Vehicle Projects' Mining Locomotive, the U.S. Army Diesel Locomotive Retrofit, Japan's Railway Technical Research Institute'sfuel cell-powered railway bogie car, East Japan Railway Company's fuel cell hybrid rail car, The European Union's Hydrogen Train and other news and information.

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Portable Fuel Cells

Portable Power

Beyond Batteries: Portable Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Carol Potera, Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 115, Number 1, January 2007.

Fuel Cells Could Help Army Cut Back on Batteries - National Defense magazine, July 2003.

Fuel Cells for Portable Power: Markets, Manufacture and Cost - a study supported by the U.S. Fuel Cell Council and Breakthrough Technologies Institute/Fuel Cells 2000.

Fuel Cells to Power Portable Electronics - ABC News.

Markets for Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units in Vehicles: A Preliminary Assessment - Nicholas Lutsey, Christie-Joy Brodrick, Daniel Sperling, Harry A. Dwyer, TRB 2003 Annual Meeting.

Miniature Fuel Processors for Portable Fuel Cell Power Supplies - Jamelyn D. Holladay, Evan O. Jones, Daniel R. Palo, Max Phelps, Ya-Hui Chin, Robert Dagle, Jianli Hu, Yong Wang, and Ed Baker, Battelle Pacific Northwest Division, 2002.

Portable Power Supports the Digital Battlefield - article in Military & Aerospace Electronics.

SFC - Portable Fuel Cells and Military Power Systems - A growing component of the soldier's load is made up of primary and backup power sources for electronic systems. Reducing this load is a primary objective to increase soldier survivability, lethality, effectiveness and mobility, and mission flexibility.

Small Fuel Cells for Portable Applications 6th Edition - Knowledge Press, 2005. The Small Fuel Cells for Portable Applications Series of proceedings from the Knowledge Foundation’s conferences of the same name present the latest advancements in portable fuel cell technology from companies and organizations around the world.

Back-up/Remote Power

Advanced fuel cell energy system for telecommunications use - T. Koyashiki, K. Yotsumoto, Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1992. INTELEC apos;92., 14th International, Volume , Issue , 4-8 Oct 1992.

Modeling the Feasibility of Using Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines in Remote Renewable Energy Systems - J. Cotrell, W. Pratt, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, September 2003.

Fuel Cell/Photovoltaic Integrated Power System for a Remote Telecom